Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a frequent and serious condition, potentially life-threatening and leading to lower-limb amputation. Its pathophysiology is generally related to ischemia-reperfusion cycles, secondary to reduction or interruption of the arterial blood flow followed by reperfusion episodes that are necessary but also—per se—deleterious. Skeletal muscles alterations significantly participate in PAD injuries, and interestingly, muscle mitochondrial dysfunctions have been demonstrated to be key events and to have a prognosis value. Decreased oxidative capacity due to mitochondrial respiratory chain impairment is associated with increased release of reactive oxygen species and reduction of calcium retention capacity leading thus to enhanced apoptosis. Therefore, targeting mitochondria might be a promising therapeutic approach in PAD.
Highlights
Peripheral arterial diseases (PAD) is a major concern for public healthcare, affecting more than 200 million individual worldwide [1,2]
PAD is a public health issue even when poorly symptomatic [63], and mitochondria are importantly involved in its pathophysiology
Because mitochondrial alterations reduce the energy available for cell function, and because mitochondria participate in the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and in the enhanced opening of the mitochondrial permeability pore which favor the intrinsic pathway of cell apoptosis
Summary
Peripheral arterial diseases (PAD) is a major concern for public healthcare, affecting more than 200 million individual worldwide [1,2]. PAD is defined by a narrowing of the peripheral arterial vasculature. It mostly affects lower limbs, leading to overall functional disability and reduced quality of life. PAD progressively compromises lower limb vascularization, leading to obstruction of the vessels by atheroma. PAD includes all stages of the disease, from asymptomatic with abolition of distal pulses, to intermittent claudication or critical limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) characterized by rest pain and/or ulcers. The life expectancy of claudicating patients is reduced by 10 years, with a majority of death attributable to cardiovascular causes
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