Abstract

Synopsis This Paper is concerned with the borderland of geology and civil engineering, which is treated historically. It is suggested that the subject is best described as ‘geotechnology,’ and that its basic discipline is soil mechanics. Three periods are distinguished in its development: an early period which starts in the 18th century with work on the lateral pressure of soils by engineers in France, and which culminates with the researches of Coulomb and Collin; Classical Soil Mechanics, which founded on the work of Terzaghi; and a new phase of the subject now developing, which is much influenced by geological thinking, but is still basically branch of applied mechanics. Consideration is given to a number of engineering problems such as those associated with site exploration, the design of earth dams, the stability of natural slopes, excavations, roads and geotechnical processes. In each case the history of the problem is discussed, and the degree to which it has been affected by soil mechanics is described and illustrated by means of case histories. The Paper concludes with a consideration of the present state of the subject, with suggestions as to how it should be taught. Cet exposé a trait aux frontières communes à la géologic et aux travaux publics, qui sont traitées du point de vue historique. Il est suggéré que la meilleure description que l'on puisse donner de cette matière est ‘géotechnologie’, et que sa discipline de base est la mécanique du sol. Trois périodes ressortent dans son développement: une première période dont les débuts se situent au 18ème siècle avec les travaux d'ingénieurs français sur la pression latérale des sols, et qui a pour point culminant les recherches de Coulomb et de Collin; la mécanique du sol classique, qui est fondée sur le travail de Terzaghi; et un nouveau stade de la matière en train de progresser, qui est très influencé par la pensée géologique mais qui est encore à la base une ramification de la mécanique appliquée. On considère un certain nombre de problèmes de construction associés au travaux publics tels que ceux rattachés à l'examen de l'emplacement, la conception de barrages en terre. la stabilite des pentes naturelles, les excavations, les routes et les procédés géotechniques. Dans chaque cas l'histoire du problème est discutée, et l'on décrit le degré selon lequel il a été touché par la mécanique du sol et des histoires des cas servent à les illustrer. L'expose terminé en cxprimant des penes sur l'état actuel de la matière et les méthodes de I'enseigner.

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