The Resilience and Vulnerability of Hungarian Eldercare Workers Abroad in the Light of Covid

This study aimed to clarify the association between chronic stressors, stress coping and depressive tendencies among older adults. We carried out a survey with 500 participants aged in their 70s, who were randomly selected from the basic resident register. Of these, 304 residents responded to the survey (60.8%). Findings from a factor analysis and cluster analysis revealed five groups of chronic stressors: physical, economic and interpersonal stressor; physical and economic stressor; interpersonal stressor; physical stressor; and low stressor. The factor analysis revealed four factors of coping: cognitive coping, support-seeking, positive problem solving and escape-avoidance. Furthermore, a multiple logistic regression analysis showed that both physical, economic and interpersonal stressor, and physical and economic stressor had negative associations with depressive tendencies. With respect to stress coping, positive problem solving had a positive association with depressive tendencies, whereas escape-avoidance had a negative association with depressive tendencies. For older individuals, the more complex the overlapping chronic stressors that are experienced, the higher the depressive tendencies. Furthermore, although older individuals selectively use various coping strategies, they do not alleviate the stress responses induced by chronic stressors. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 297-303.

Social Class and Work Functioning in Treatment for Depression

<i>Beyond Collapse: Archaeological Perspectives on Resilience, Revitalization, and Transformation in Complex Societies</i>. Ronald K. Faulseit, ed. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2016, 552 pp. $70.00, paper. ISBN 978-0-8093-3399-8.

The ongoing humanitarian crisis in Ukraine, intensified by the conflict that began in February 2022, has resulted in 14.7 million individuals requiring humanitarian aid by 2024. This crisis has led to significant socioeconomic challenges, with households adopting various coping strategies to manage economic stress. Understanding these strategies and their regional variations is crucial for effective crisis response and resource allocation. The purpose of the article. To analyze and present findings on the coping strategies adopted by Ukrainian households in response to the ongoing humanitarian crisis and conflict, with a particular focus on regional differences and the most severely affected areas. The object of the research. Household coping strategies across different regions of Ukraine, including selling assets, spending savings, purchasing food on credit, seeking additional employment, reducing health and education expenditures, and using degrading income sources. The methods of the research. The study employed a quantitative data collection methodology developed by REACH, utilizing both face-to-face household surveys and computer-assisted telephone interviews. The dataset encompassed 10,434 interviews conducted at the household level across 23 oblasts, targeting a 95% confidence level and an 8% margin of error. The hypothesis of the research. The research appears to hypothesize that there are significant regional variations in the adoption of coping strategies, with areas closer to the conflict zone experiencing more severe economic stress and resorting to more extreme coping measures. The statement of basic materials. The research identified ten distinct coping strategies and analyzed their adoption rates across different regions of Ukraine. Eastern and southern regions, particularly Donetska, Kharkivska, Zaporizka, Khersonska, and Sumska oblasts, consistently demonstrated higher adoption rates of various coping strategies. Donetska oblast emerged as the epicenter of economic stress, with 50% of households reporting the sale of assets or spending of savings. Zaporizka oblast led in purchasing food on credit (18.63%) and reducing health expenditures (55.28%). Significant regional disparities were observed, with some oblasts showing coping strategy adoption rates far exceeding national averages. The originality and practical significance of the research. This study provides a comprehensive, region-specific analysis of household coping strategies in Ukraine during an ongoing crisis, offering valuable insights for targeted interventions. The research's practical significance lies in its potential applications for socio-economic management, including informing the design of targeted social safety nets and economic support programs, guiding efficient resource allocation based on region-specific needs, and supporting the development of tailored healthcare and education policies. Conclusions and prospects for further research. It provides a baseline for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of future interventions and informs long-term regional development strategies and crisis response planning. By offering a nuanced understanding of how different regions are coping with the crisis, this research enables policymakers to develop more effective, localized approaches to addressing Ukraine's complex humanitarian challenges.

Economic stressors and alcohol-related outcomes: Exploring age cohort differences

This study examined processes linking age cohort, economic stressors, coping strategies and two indicators of psychological distress (i.e. depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms). Structural equation models were conducted utilizing data from a national survey that was undertaken in order to understand life change consequences of the period of economic downturn from 2007 to 2009 known as the Great Recession. Findings revealed that the associations between economic stressors and symptoms of both depression and anxiety were significantly greater for members of the millennial cohort compared with baby boomers. These effects are partly explained by the greater tendency of members of the baby boomer cohort to use active coping strategies. These findings clarify the circumstances in which age matters most for the associations among economy-related stressors, coping strategies and psychological well-being. They highlight how difficult economic circumstances influence the availability of coping strategies and, in turn, psychological well-being-and differently for younger and older age cohorts. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Stress and coping among micro-entrepreneurs of peer-to-peer accommodation

The Cianjur Earthquake in November 2022 had a profound and lasting impact on the lives of the families affected. The objective of this research is to: (1) analyze the resilience of farmer families who survived the earthquake in relation to vulnerability, economic pressure, and coping strategies carried out by families, and (2) analyze the differences in the variables studied in two family groups (severely and lightly damaged houses). The study was conducted one year after the disaster, involving 162 farming families (81 families each with heavily and lightly damaged houses). All research variables had adequate reliability (α&gt;0.7). Compared to those with lightly damaged houses, farming families with severely damaged houses had lower resilience and coping strategies, but higher subjective vulnerability and economic stress. The SEM-PLS test results show that vulnerability has a significant effect on family resilience, while coping strategies have an effect at a significant level of 8%. Family vulnerability also has a significant effect on subjective economic pressure and coping strategies. Vulnerability, economic pressure, and coping strategies contributed 31.2 percent to family resilience. These results show the central role of family vulnerability, so it is important to make efforts to mitigate and reduce disaster risk through reducing family vulnerability in disaster-prone areas. This study demonstrates that family resilience serves as a crucial factor in the effective incorporation of disaster risk reduction within the Sustainable

Water Reallocation in the West: An “Inconvenient” Truth?

Egyptian wife performs multiple roles in life to settle oasis of hopes and prosperities for her family. The current study assumes that such roles are probably the roots of the family stability. Life stresses facing the wife probably have negative impacts on the family stability. Also, her coping strategy is probably figured out through her social participations beside of the economic status of the family. To test these hypotheses, 400 wives having children and their husbands were still alive were taken into a descriptive analytical study. Three scales were used in the current study i.e. (a) family stability scale consisting of 3 subscales (spousal support, belonging and safety), (b) stresses scale comprising 4 subscales (social, job, and economical stresses beside the psychosomatic disorders), and (c) coping strategies scale consisting of one problem-focused coping strategies (active coping), and three emotional-focused coping strategies (seeking for emotional social support, or escape-avoidance or anger feelings). Results showed that (1) family stability was significantly affected by the wife’s feelings of stress (2) Active coping was the most significant strategy used in facing job problems. On the other hand, seeking emotional social support was the most significant strategy used for facing social and economical stress beside psychosomatic disorder (3) Strategies of seeking for emotional social support or anger feelings recorded the highest significant correlations with the family income, while strategies of “active coping” or escape avoidance” recorded the highest significant correlations with residence (urban-countryside) and the type of family (extended-nuclear family) through the roles expected of the Egyptian wife.

The multi-faceted relationship of society and wildlife is partly shaped by local perception determined by cultural or economic factors and resulting in positive or negative attitudes. The approach taken may influence the survival and the range of species and speciesgroups, in particular species associated with extremely negative emotions. Connections between local communities and wild vertebrate species were studied in four regions within the Carpathian Basin (Gömör/Gemer — Slovakia, Szilágyság/Sălaj — Romania, Gyimes/Ghimeş — Romania and Drávaszög/Baranja — Croatia). During the work, spontaneous manifestations obtained in semi-structured interviews aiming at the exploration of the locally known fauna were taken into account. Reviewing the five generally known families of vertebrates it can be stated, that — similarly to the global trends — the perception of amphibian and reptile species is extremely negative in the Carpathian Basin just as well. Most positive attitudes are related to bird species but due to presumed or true economic reasons some birds also include less favoured species. As to mammals, large predators are seen as harmful pests for husbandry and fearful for humans. The antipathy felt for bat species is an interesting phenomenon, mostly explained by their special physical constitution and mysterious lifestyle. The perception of local communities originating from cultural or economic factors and resulting in varying signs may have an impact on the size of the populations of certain species or species-groups. Ethnozoological research provides significant help to deeper knowledge about background of connections between local communities and species of wildlife, motivations behind the activities of society has become of paramount importance for development of conservation strategies.

Private profit and public interest in the residential development process: a case study of conflict in the urban fringe

The crisis of the welfare state has generated a powerful pulling effect for contemporary intra‐European migration flows. This article focuses on the migration of live‐in care workers from Central and East European countries to the Netherlands, following the Dutch care reform. It explores the motivations and strategies of live‐in migrant carers (LIMC) engaging in transnational mobility, aiming to understand how their agency is structured in multiple contexts. I am especially interested in transnational coping strategies and in how migrants pursue specific motivation mixes combining need and self‐realization. The article draws on in‐depth interviews with LIMC workers, triangulated with data from LIMC providers, family carers and other stakeholders. Participants use the LIMC jobs to cope with home and host country constraints, reconcile work and private life, and keep family ties. Continuous mobility is a strategic choice, which makes tough working conditions bearable and enables the achievement of long‐term goals.

Longitudinal Relationships among Cybervictimization, Peer pressure, and Adolescents’ Depressive Symptoms

The proportion of Swedish schoolchildren that reports psychosomatic complaints has increased during recent decades, parallel to major structural changes in Swedish society. To investigate the association of psychosomatic complaints in relation to household socio-economic conditions. Cross-sectional study based on data from child supplements linked to nationally representative household surveys in Sweden during 2000-2003, covering a sample of 5390 children aged 10-18 y. Symptom variables were based on child interviews, while data from parental interviews were used to create socio-economic variables. Girls more often reported headache and recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) than boys, and these differences became more pronounced with age. Economic stress in the household was associated with headache (OR 1.21, p<0.05), RAP (OR 1.46, p<0.001) as well as difficulties falling asleep (OR 1.35, p<0.01), while there were no consistent associations between symptoms and social class or unemployed parents. Children in single-parent families consistently reported somewhat more symptoms than children in two-parent families (OR 1.26 for at least two of the three symptoms, p<0.05). Economic stress, but not social class, was a significant but moderate risk factor for all three psychosomatic symptoms. It is possible that a growing proportion of families in economic stress has contributed to the parallel increase in reported psychosomatic complaints among Swedish schoolchildren. Further studies are needed to clarify the relation between lack of money, relational strain/support and psychosomatic complaints.