The Research Fellow Position: A Gateway to U.S. Residency.

While many students participate in research years or fellowships prior to entering the otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS) match, the effects of these fellowships on match outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the impact of research fellowships on odds of matching into OHNS. Cross-sectional analysis. Applications from first-time, US allopathic seniors between the 2014-2015 and the 2019-2020 application cycles were reviewed. Data were abstracted from Electronic Residency Application Service applications and match results determined using the National Residency Matching Program database and online public sources. The relationship between research fellowships and matching was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Of the 1775 applicants included, nearly 16% (n=275) participated in research fellowships and 84.1% matched (n=1492). Research fellows were no more likely to match into OHNS than non-research fellows (86.9% vs. 83.5%, unadjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.31, P= .161), even when adjusting for applicant characteristics (predicted probability [PP]: 88.8% vs. 85.8%, adjusted OR 1.31, P= .210). For applicants from top 25 medical schools, however, research fellowships were associated with higher odds of matching (PP: 96.5% vs. 90.0%, adjusted OR 3.07, P= .017). In addition, completing a fellowship was associated with significantly greater odds of matching into a top 25 OHNS residency program (PP: 58.6% vs. 30.5%, adjusted OR 3.24, P< .001). Fellowships may be beneficial for select applicants, though for most, they are not associated with improved odds of matching. These findings provide context for OHNS residency candidates considering research fellowships and should be carefully weighed against other potential advantages and disadvantages of fellowships. NA Laryngoscope, 131:E2506-E2512, 2021.

A conference titled ‘Old and New Heroes of History: Nation States in Quest for Identity’ was held on the 8th of February 2024, at the Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO). It was organized by the Center of the Indo-Pacific region of IMEMO. The conference Chief-moderators were Semenenko I.S., Corresponding Member of the RAS, Doct. Sci. (Polit. Sci.), Head of Centre for Comparative Socioeconomic and Political Studies, Deputy Director for Scientific Work of IMEMO and Prokhorenko I.L. Doct. Sci. (Polit. Sci.), Head of the Sector for International Organizations and Global Political Governance, Department for International Political Problems, IMEMO. The questions under analysis included the following points: the features and key directions of identity politics of various states of the world, the role and significance of identity conflict in world politics, rethinking the heritage of the past and the search for new ‘heroes’ for modern societies. The discussion was focused on the role of identity personifiers and the study of identity conflict in the context of the formation of a polycentric world. The speakers were as follows: Semenenko I.S. and Prokhorenko I.L. addressed the plenary meeting; staff members of IMEMO: the Center of the Indo-Pacific region– Head of the Center Cand. Sci. (Hist.) Kupriyanov A.V., Junior Research Fellow Makarevich G.G., Senior Research Assistant Kosareva E.S., Cand. Sci. (Polit. Sci.) Research Fellow Terskikh M.A., Junior Research Fellow Zaitsev I.A., Cand. Sci. (Polit Sci.) Research Fellow Lomova A.A., Turayanova L.T.; staff members of the Center for Middle East Studies – Research Fellow Ibragimov I.E. and Junior Research Fellow Guzhev I.A.; staff members of the Center for Development and Modernization Studies – Research Fellows Arabadzhyan A.Z. and Karamaev S.G.; staff member of the Center for European Studies Cand. Sci. (Hist.) Research Fellow Podchasov N.A. Fellows of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences delivered their speech: Cand. Sci. (Econ.) Leading Researcher of the Center for Middle East Countries Studies Arabadzhyan Z.A., members of the Center for Southeast Asia, Australia and Oceania: Cand. Sci. (Hist.), Academic Secretary of the Center Senior Researcher Astafieva E.M., Cand. Sci. (Econ.) Leading Researcher of the Center and the Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of RAS Popov A.V., staff members of the Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Research Fellows of the Center for Vietnam and ASEAN Studies Burova E.S., Kucherenko G.N., Shaternikov P.S., Research Fellow of the Center for the Study of Contemparary History of China and Its Relations with Russia Voloshina A.V.; staff members of the Institute for African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences (IAS RAS): Head of the Center for Tropical African Studies Cand. Sci. (Hist.) Leading Researcher Denisova T.S., Head of the Center for Southern Africa Studies Cand. Sci. (Hist.) Senior Research Fellow Tokarev A.A., Senior Research Fellow of the Center for Southern Africa Studies Cand. Sci. (Hist.) Cand. Sci. (Hist. of Arts) Skubko Y.S., Junior Researcher Nesterova E.S., Senior Research Fellow of the Center for History and Cultural Anthropology Cand. Sci. (Hist.) Associate Professor of the Department of General History, P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University (YarSU) Khokholkova N.E., YarSU students and staff members Cand. Sci. (Hist.) Associate Professor of the Department of Regional Studies and Tourism Savin D.A., Professor and Doct. Sci. (Hist.), Professor of the Department of General History Gavristova T.M., post-graduate student of the Department of General History of YarSU, history teacher of the Municipal educational institution ‘Nekrasov Secondary school No. 4 with in-depth study of the English language’ of Yaroslavl city Tsvetkov E.G., Georgy Arbatov Institute for U.S. and Canada Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISKRAN) staff member – Senior Research Fellow of the Center for History and Cultural Anthropology of the Department of Internal Political Research Cand. Sci. (Hist.) Vorobiev D.N.; staff member of the Russian State University for the Humanities, Cand. Sci. (Hist.) Associate Professor of the Department of American studies of the Faculty of International Relations, Political Science and Foreign Regional Studies RSUH Panov A.S. and Master’s student of the Department of Theory and History of Humanities, Institute of Philology and History of RSUH Grebneva N.I.; and master's student of the MGIMO University Kupalov-Yaropolk A.I. The review of the conference materials was compiled by the staff members of the Center of the Indo-Pacific region of IMEMO Cand. Sci. (Polit. Sci.) Research Fellow Lomova A.A. (lomova.dip@list.ru, ORCID: 0009-0004-3178-7480) and Junior Research Fellow Shirgazina E.R. (e.shirgazina8@imemo.ru, ORCID: 0000-0001-7715-2991) and Research Fellow of the Center for Development and Modernization Studies Karamaev S.G. (tiomkin@imemo.ru, ORCID: 0000-0001-5137-3948).

Flourish or perish: The UK academic surgeon model

Formal Research Training – An Essential Aspect for Surgical Residency?

Ruptured left main bronchus during a right lung resection

Participation in a plastic surgery research fellowship is associated with an increased chance of matching into integrated plastic surgery residency.1 From our experience, students identify research fellowship opportunities through personal connections, medical school advisors, and at times, “googling” available applications. When personal connections and mentor relations are utilized as a primary mode of information transmission, knowledge may be passed less frequently to women and students underrepresented in medicine, both groups who may be less likely to form strong mentorship relationships.2,3 In addition, highly motivated trainees from medical schools and hospital systems with less rigorous research infrastructure or a less developed plastic surgery program may not access the information. This problem of equitable knowledge transmission is important, especially within the plastic and reconstructive surgical field, where there are smaller numbers of Black and Hispanic surgeons relative to other surgical specialties.4 With this background in mind, and many inquiring emails from students across the country, we identified the need for a centralized research fellowship database. A survey was distributed to research fellowship directors through the American College of Academic Plastic Surgeons’ email list. A database of 18 research fellowships was compiled with information about each program’s research focus, number of positions, funding structure, fellowship components, and application requirements. (See Table, Supplemental Digital Content 1, which shows data on 18 research fellowships, https://links.lww.com/PRS/E734.) Basic survey data collected from the participating programs further elucidated demographic characteristics and research productivity of past and present research fellows. Research fellowship directors indicated that the majority of their fellows were 25 to 28 years old and identified mainly as White/Caucasian, followed by Hispanic/Latino and Asian/Pacific Islander. Native American and Black/African American trainees were the least represented in our data. The majority of fellowship directors stated that between 25 percent and 50 percent or 50 percent and 75 percent of their fellows are female, with only one program stating that less than 5 percent of their current or past fellows were female. Three fellowship directors stated they currently had or have had LGBTQ+ fellows, while 12 fellowship directors were unsure of the sexual orientation of their fellows. The majority of fellowship directors stated fellows submitted 11 to 15 or 16 to 20 abstracts, with an average of six to 10 submitted manuscripts. All plastic surgery fellowship directors indicated that fellowship participation makes trainees stronger applicants during the plastic surgery residency selection process, with seven fellowship directors citing a 100 percent match rate and two fellowship directors citing an 85 percent to 95 percent match rate. The database entry form continues to be available for additional programs to add themselves as they develop. As Ramanadham and Rohrich5 astutely stated, mentorship can no longer “occur in happenstance.” The same is true of access to career-advancing opportunities such as research fellowships. If research fellowships, as demonstrated by our data and those of other groups, function as a sort of pipeline into the field, we should take a closer look at who can enter the pipeline. We believe this database will be useful to both sides of the research fellowship supply/demand curve—it provides all trainees, regardless of background or home institution, with a clearinghouse of opportunities and fellowship directors with a larger, more diverse applicant pool. DISCLOSURE The authors have no financial or nonfinancial conflicts of interest related to this work.

Integrated plastic surgery residency applicants sometimes complete research fellowships before residency. The average productivity and the impact of these fellowships on subsequent application to residency are unknown. The purpose of this study was to provide objective data to better understand the utility and productivity of a research fellowship. A national survey was conducted in which integrated plastic surgery residency applicants from 2013 to 2016 were surveyed regarding their experiences with research fellowships. American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons members were also surveyed to elicit their perspectives on the value of these fellowships. Six hundred twenty-one integrated plastic surgery applicants from 2013 to 2016 were included in the study. Twenty-five percent of applicants participated in a research fellowship. Applicants who completed research fellowships were more likely to match into plastic surgery compared to those who did not (97 percent versus 81 percent, respectively; p < 0.05). Fellows were highly satisfied with their fellowship experience and produced an average of five publications and presentations per fellowship year. Sixty-three percent of research fellowships were performed to strengthen applications to categorical integrated plastic surgery residency. American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons members considered three or four publications/presentations productive. Most do not recommend research fellowships to all medical students. Research fellowships can effectively prepare for categorical plastic surgery by improving publication and presentation experience. This is the first study to show that applicants who completed research fellowships were highly satisfied with their experience, accomplished higher than expected levels of productivity, and statistically significantly matched into an integrated plastic surgery residency more often than applicants without research fellowships.

BACKGROUND Integrated plastic surgery residency applicants sometimes complete research fellowships before residency. The average productivity and the impact of these fellowships on subsequent application to residency are unknown. The purpose of this study was to provide objective data to better understand the utility and productivity of a research fellowship. METHODS A national survey was conducted in which integrated plastic surgery residency applicants from 2013 to 2016 were surveyed regarding their experiences with research fellowships. American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons members were also surveyed to elicit their perspectives on the value of these fellowships. RESULTS Six hundred twenty-one integrated plastic surgery applicants from 2013 to 2016 were included in the study. Twenty-five percent of applicants participated in a research fellowship. Applicants who completed research fellowships were more likely to match into plastic surgery compared to those who did not (97 percent versus 81 percent, respectively; p < 0.05). Fellows were highly satisfied with their fellowship experience and produced an average of five publications and presentations per fellowship year. Sixty-three percent of research fellowships were performed to strengthen applications to categorical integrated plastic surgery residency. American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons members considered three or four publications/presentations productive. Most do not recommend research fellowships to all medical students. CONCLUSIONS Research fellowships can effectively prepare for categorical plastic surgery by improving publication and presentation experience. This is the first study to show that applicants who completed research fellowships were highly satisfied with their experience, accomplished higher than expected levels of productivity, and statistically significantly matched into an integrated plastic surgery residency more often than applicants without research fellowships.

Public AdministrationVolume 48, Issue 1 p. 23-48 The Origins of the D.S.I.R.: Reflections on Ideas and Men, 1915–1916 ROY M. MacLEOD, ROY M. MacLEOD Dr.MacLeod is a Research Fellow at Churchill College, Cambridge and a member of the Science Policy Research Unit at the University of Sussex. Miss Andrews, formerly a Research Fellow at the Science Policy Research Unit at the University of Sussex, is now a Clerk in the Science and Technology Section of the Research Division of the House of Commons Library. *Search for more papers by this authorE. KAY ANDREWS, E. KAY ANDREWS Dr.MacLeod is a Research Fellow at Churchill College, Cambridge and a member of the Science Policy Research Unit at the University of Sussex. Miss Andrews, formerly a Research Fellow at the Science Policy Research Unit at the University of Sussex, is now a Clerk in the Science and Technology Section of the Research Division of the House of Commons Library. *Search for more papers by this author ROY M. MacLEOD, ROY M. MacLEOD Dr.MacLeod is a Research Fellow at Churchill College, Cambridge and a member of the Science Policy Research Unit at the University of Sussex. Miss Andrews, formerly a Research Fellow at the Science Policy Research Unit at the University of Sussex, is now a Clerk in the Science and Technology Section of the Research Division of the House of Commons Library. *Search for more papers by this authorE. KAY ANDREWS, E. KAY ANDREWS Dr.MacLeod is a Research Fellow at Churchill College, Cambridge and a member of the Science Policy Research Unit at the University of Sussex. Miss Andrews, formerly a Research Fellow at the Science Policy Research Unit at the University of Sussex, is now a Clerk in the Science and Technology Section of the Research Division of the House of Commons Library. *Search for more papers by this author First published: March 1970 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.1970.tb00004.xCitations: 19 This investigation was supported by a grant for research in science and public policy from the Department of Education and Science. We are gratefd to Professor Sol Encel for his comments on an earlier draft of this essay, and also for the kindness of Profesor O.V.S. Heath, F.R.s. in allowing us accesa to certain private letters. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume48, Issue1March 1970Pages 23-48 RelatedInformation

Unmatched orthopaedic surgery applicants often pursue research fellowships to strengthen their residency applications. The aims of this study were to (1) report the trend of the number of orthopaedic research fellowships offered online between 2019 and 2024, (2) describe the characteristics of research fellowships available to unmatched applicants, and (3) assess the quality of support received by unmatched applicants who complete research fellowships. An online orthopaedic forum was retrospectively reviewed to identify job postings for medical student research fellowships in the 2019 to 2020 and 2024 to 2025 academic years. Information regarding expected mentorship and funding described in these postings was collected. Surveys were administered electronically to assess the funding received and perceived levels of mentor advocacy among unmatched orthopaedic applicants who had completed research fellowships between 2022 and 2024. The number of orthopaedic research fellowships offered online increased by 165% (54-143) between 2019 and 2024, corresponding with a rate of 18 new fellowships offered per year. For the 2024 to 2025 academic year, 80 fellowships (56%) were available to unmatched applicants. The minority of online postings for these positions described support in the match (49%), the specific amount of funding offered (36%), a successful match track record for prior fellows (20%), and contact information of current or prior fellows (11%). The average amount of publicly offered funding was $32,537 (range, $18,000 to $65,000). Among 31 unmatched applicants who responded, the average amount of funding received was $38,180 ± 11,719. Most respondents rated advocacy from research fellowship mentors as high (53%) or moderate (40%), met with their mentors weekly or biweekly (63%), and received feedback on their residency applications (83%). Over the past 5 years, the number of orthopaedic research fellowships available to unmatched applicants has more than doubled. Although perceived advocacy was rated highly by most unmatched research fellows, fewer than half of the online postings for these positions provided details regarding financial compensation and support during the match cycle. Improvements in transparency related to fellowship characteristics are warranted to assist unmatched orthopaedic applicants in making informed decisions when pursuing research years between match cycles. N/A.

Introduction Orthopaedic surgery is one of the most competitive specialties for medical students, with research experience playing a critical role in residency applications. Dedicated research fellowships before, during, or after medical school can boost an applicant’s research productivity and competitiveness. However, centralized information about these opportunities is limited. This study aimed to identify publicly available orthopaedic surgery research fellowships and analyze their availability, location, duration, financial compensation, and association with Doximity rankings of orthopaedic surgery residencies. Methods An online search of Orthogate.com and MSOS.com was performed on March 15th, 2024, to identify orthopaedic surgery research fellowships. Data on geographic location, number of positions, financial compensation, and duration were collected. A Spearman’s correlation assessed the relationship between residency program Doximity rankings and fellowship availability. Results A total of 143 research fellowship positions were identified across 80 programs, with an average fellowship duration of 1 year. Of these programs, 73% offered financial compensation, with an average reported salary of $27,677 per year. The Southeast had the highest concentration of research fellowships (33%), followed by the Northeast (27%), Midwest (22%), and West (18%). Only 24% of orthopaedic surgery residency programs publicly offered research fellowships. Higher Doximity-ranked residency programs were significantly associated with a greater number of research fellowship positions (p&lt;.001) (r2=-1.0). Conclusion This study highlights the strong association between higher Doximity-ranked residency programs and the availability of orthopaedic surgery research positions. The findings emphasize the need for a centralized platform to improve access to these opportunities and enhance residency programs’ visibility to prospective candidates. Keywords: orthopaedic surgery residency, research fellowships, Doximity rankings, residency competitiveness, medical student research Level of Evidence IV

Plasma diazepam levels were estimated by gas-liquid chromatography following a single 10 mg dose administered to a health adult female population by the oral and intramuscular routes. The highest levels were achieved following oral administration, reaching a peak at 60 minutes, although injection into the thigh resulted in a more rapid rise initially. Injection into this site produced higher levels than when the buttock was used. Injection by nurses into the latter site produced particularly low plasma levels over the 90-minute period of study. The plasma levels found at 90 minutes following the oral and thigh routes were found to be closely correlated with the weight of the patient.

ObjectiveTo explore the impact of a training intervention on obstetric anal sphincter injuries’ (OASIS) detection rate.DesignProspective quality improvement interventional study.SettingSix secondary and tertiary maternity units in Palestine.PopulationWomen having singleton vaginal...

The effects of anticholinergic premedication with 1.0 mg atropine, 0.5 mg hyoscine and 0.2 mg glycopyrronium on volume and pH of gastric contents were studied and compared with a group receiving no anticholinergic premedication. The antisialogogue effects were also compared. Though the groups receiving atropine and glycopyrronium had the lowest mean aspirated volume and the highest mean pH respectively there was no essential difference between the various groups receiving anticholinergic premedication. However, the pH values were above 2.5 in the majority of these patients in comparison with the control group. The antisialogogue effects of the three anticholinergic drugs were similar.

Fiscal StudiesVolume 11, Issue 3 p. 71-88 Management Buy-Outs from the Public Sector: Ownership Form and Incentive Issues STEVE THOMPSON, STEVE THOMPSON Steve Thompson is Senior Lecturer in Business Economics at UMIST; Mike Wright is Professor of Financial Studies and Director of the Centre for Management Buy-Out Research (CMBOR) at the University of Nottingham; Ken Robbie is a Research Fellow at CMBOR at the University of Nottingham. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Barclays Development Capital Ltd and Spicer and Oppenheim Chartered Accountants. They would also like to acknowledge a number of helpful comments and suggestions from an anonymous referee and the editor of Fiscal Studies, and detailed assistance from Angela Beaumont.Search for more papers by this authorMIKE WRIGHT, MIKE WRIGHT Steve Thompson is Senior Lecturer in Business Economics at UMIST; Mike Wright is Professor of Financial Studies and Director of the Centre for Management Buy-Out Research (CMBOR) at the University of Nottingham; Ken Robbie is a Research Fellow at CMBOR at the University of Nottingham. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Barclays Development Capital Ltd and Spicer and Oppenheim Chartered Accountants. They would also like to acknowledge a number of helpful comments and suggestions from an anonymous referee and the editor of Fiscal Studies, and detailed assistance from Angela Beaumont.Search for more papers by this authorKEN ROBBIE, KEN ROBBIE Steve Thompson is Senior Lecturer in Business Economics at UMIST; Mike Wright is Professor of Financial Studies and Director of the Centre for Management Buy-Out Research (CMBOR) at the University of Nottingham; Ken Robbie is a Research Fellow at CMBOR at the University of Nottingham. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Barclays Development Capital Ltd and Spicer and Oppenheim Chartered Accountants. They would also like to acknowledge a number of helpful comments and suggestions from an anonymous referee and the editor of Fiscal Studies, and detailed assistance from Angela Beaumont.Search for more papers by this author STEVE THOMPSON, STEVE THOMPSON Steve Thompson is Senior Lecturer in Business Economics at UMIST; Mike Wright is Professor of Financial Studies and Director of the Centre for Management Buy-Out Research (CMBOR) at the University of Nottingham; Ken Robbie is a Research Fellow at CMBOR at the University of Nottingham. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Barclays Development Capital Ltd and Spicer and Oppenheim Chartered Accountants. They would also like to acknowledge a number of helpful comments and suggestions from an anonymous referee and the editor of Fiscal Studies, and detailed assistance from Angela Beaumont.Search for more papers by this authorMIKE WRIGHT, MIKE WRIGHT Steve Thompson is Senior Lecturer in Business Economics at UMIST; Mike Wright is Professor of Financial Studies and Director of the Centre for Management Buy-Out Research (CMBOR) at the University of Nottingham; Ken Robbie is a Research Fellow at CMBOR at the University of Nottingham. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Barclays Development Capital Ltd and Spicer and Oppenheim Chartered Accountants. They would also like to acknowledge a number of helpful comments and suggestions from an anonymous referee and the editor of Fiscal Studies, and detailed assistance from Angela Beaumont.Search for more papers by this authorKEN ROBBIE, KEN ROBBIE Steve Thompson is Senior Lecturer in Business Economics at UMIST; Mike Wright is Professor of Financial Studies and Director of the Centre for Management Buy-Out Research (CMBOR) at the University of Nottingham; Ken Robbie is a Research Fellow at CMBOR at the University of Nottingham. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Barclays Development Capital Ltd and Spicer and Oppenheim Chartered Accountants. They would also like to acknowledge a number of helpful comments and suggestions from an anonymous referee and the editor of Fiscal Studies, and detailed assistance from Angela Beaumont.Search for more papers by this author First published: August 1990 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1990.tb00141.xCitations: 20AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume11, Issue3August 1990Pages 71-88 RelatedInformation