The Religious Fatwa on Social Media: Mapping of National Insights of Indonesian Salafi Groups

This study examines the value of religious moderation in the Salafi movement on social media in Indonesia. The label of radical movement attached to the Salafi group has been considered a threat to the country's integrity. Their propaganda and schooling, especially on social media, contain some content that will cause social separation. The government mainstreams the campaign for religious moderation to counter radicalism. Hence, several organizations have been dissolved by the government because they are considered dangerous. However, the question is whether all groups linked to Salafi are hazardous and threaten the country's integrity. This article will solve this question using qualitative descriptive research. This research is equipped with a content analysis method. The results found three variants of the Salafi group spread in social media. The three variants are purist, haraki, and jihadist. The three variants have their style, even though purificating Islamic thought is the starting point of their agenda. By referring to the religious moderation indicators by the Ministry of Religious Affairs (nationalism, tolerance, non-violence, and accommodative to local culture), it can be concluded that: First, not all Salafi groups commit acts of violence; Second, not all Salafi groups are anti-nationalism; Third, several Salafi groups have moderate values in their teachings even though they can not be considered as moderate groups.

Model learning is very much, including the problem-based learning model. The problem-based learning model itself is a learning model in which there is a problem-solving process carried out by students, both individually and in groups. The PBL model has been carried out by the Institute for the acceleration of Logic and Ushul Fiqh (Logical) in the study of Logic and Ushul Fiqh. This study aims to find out how the application of the PBL model in the LOGIS acceleration institution, the impacts and obstacles faced in implementing the PBL model. This is very important to be studied as an effort to develop the PBL model. The research method used is a qualitative method with a discriminatory case study type. Researchers as full participants. The subjects of this study were the head of LOGIS, Head of Education Bid, some LOGIS supervisors, and some LOGIS members. and some members of LOGIS. Data collection is carried out by interview, observation and documentation techniques. The results showed that: the application of the problem-based learning model in learning Logic and Ushul Fiqh in the Logic and Ushul Fiqh (LOGICAL) acceleration lemabaga can be said to be good. This is still not said to be perfect because there are obstacles faced in implementing the PBL model itself.

Abstract: Social media is one of the most influential media in all sectors and structures of socio-cultural life, government law politics, science and technology, and especially education. One of the direct impacts on education is strengthening vs. reducing student character education. The purpose of this research is to (a) explore forms of directive speech acts, (b) identify politeness strategies for directive speech acts; and (c) formulate the implications of the politeness strategies directive speech acts of the #sahkanRUUPKS comments on social media towards student’ character building in the era of global computing-communication. This research is qualitative using hermeneutical psychopragmatic techniques. The object of this research was directive speech acts uttered in the #sahkanRUUPKS comments on social media 2019-2020. Data were conducted through documentation technique, note-taking technique, observation technique, and theoretical triangulation technique. Data were analyzed using politeness model of Brown-Levinson and Leech supported by analysis of politeness model of Indonesian socio-cultural harmony. The results of this research indicated that the form of public’s directive speech acts in supervising government policy plan through social media appeared to be actualized into suggesting, criticizing, reminding, appealing, calling, and reminding. The realization of the category of directive speech acts of politeness indicated that the Indonesian people are participatory and accommodative towards a new plan of policy that brings benefits and good for all. The category of the politeness strategies of directive speech acts are begging and asking had a small frequency because to control the government policy plan which is essential to the value order of people's lives requires strict harmonious control. The Indonesian people had a trend to use positive politeness methods in providing input to the government. The public at the general level still showed social awareness and sensitivity towards government policy plans that are circulated through social media coverage. The forms and intentions developing on social media can be wrapped into teaching materials to strengthen character education and the values of politeness for children in the learning process at school. This can be carried out by criticizing the news circulating on social media through positive politeness strategies and wisdom maxim. The wisdom maxim instilled in children is a vital pillar in strengthening children's character education in the era of global communication.
 
 Keywords: Character Education, Directive Speech Acts of Politeness, Global Education Era, Positive Politeness Strategies, Principle Of Social Harmony.

Government Surveillance and Counter-Surveillance on Social and Mobile Media: The Case of Iran (2009)

The aims of this study was to gain an understanding of the Syatariyah tariqat community and the Muhammadiyah Organization regarding respect for the red and white flag. In this study, the author uses a qualitative method (field research) with a comparative approach (compare). In this study, the respondents were cadres and communities connected to the Syatariyah tariqat and Muhammadiyah organizations. This study found that the opinion of the Syatariyah and Muhammadiyah people regarding respect for the Red and White Flag is something that must be done as an Indonesian citizen. Because the respect that the people show for the flag is a form of love for the State of Indonesia and remembers the struggle of the nation's heroes in expelling the colonialists and liberating their country. In addition, the respect done to the Red and White Flag is a form of ta'zim (glorification) not in the form of ta'abud (worship). Then, the values contained in respect for the Red and White Flag have the most important things for the Indonesian people, namely the Value of Commemorating the History of the Struggle, Nationalist Values, telorance Values, and the Value of Unifying the Nation.

: Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a paradigm shift in the pedagogical methodology for a resilient medical educational university system. The epidemiological context has imposed a large-scale closure of universities and disturbed traditional methods of teaching and learning (the direct face-to-face patient-student clinical interactions). Social networks such as the YouTube platform seemed to be a complementary source for medical information, providing a modern, viable e-health strategy for physiotherapy students. Only nine studies addressed rehabilitation in various pathologies, but none of them analyzed the quality of videos focusing on neuraxial rehabilitation. Methods. During the 2021–2022 academic year, six undergraduate license theses focused on the frequently encountered pathology in the Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Clinic of TEHBA: rehabilitation after spinal cord injury, stroke, Parkinson`s disease, and disk hernia. The studies started with the hypothesis that the materials posted on the YouTube platform might have variable-quality content depending on the provider who posted the film. The students were given guidance to search for and select the videos and instructions to use the DISCERN and global quality (GQS) scales and to classify the technical and scientific features of each item using descriptive analysis. These qualitative Likert scales assess several video parameters, including the audio-visual flow, the content's medical knowledge value, and its applicability to physiotherapy students. Given the use of public-domain videos available to the general public and posted in the mass media on the YouTube platform, the approval of the Ethical Council was not necessary. Results. Each movie's scientific content was assessed according to its significance, relevance, and clarity. Videos posted to the YouTube platform by healthcare professionals (including experienced physiotherapists), healthcare institutions, and academic health organizations achieved the highest DISCERN and GQS scores compared to other video sources. Videos posted by vloggers (independent authors or patients) received the lowest reliability and quality scores. Discussion. The article presents a timely and relevant study on integrating digital tools in medical education. Although many YouTube videos with kinesiotherapy and rehabilitation content have offered valuable information, students and younger residents should be aware that the social platform sometimes fails to provide high-quality content. YouTube administrators, vloggers, and publishers should use validity scales (such as DISCERN and GQS) as standard guides for quality self-control and promote reliable, evidence-based medical information. Conclusions. A judicious use of e-health education and social media platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic represented complementary sources of reliable medical information for physiotherapy students.

With the development of information and communication technology followed by the transformation of the spectacle in Indonesia with the development of information and communication media. People are now switching from conventional media such as television and radio to using new media, namely the YouTube platform. On the youtube platform there is no filtering (censorship) of negative content on youtube from an institution authorized to monitor new media that are starting to appear in Indonesia such as on the youtube platform. In this case, the emergence of new media is exceeded freely and worrying. This research will examine the legal protection for viewers against negative content on the Youtube platform in Indonesia as well as digital media surveillance efforts on the Youtube platform in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal view for viewers of negative content impressions on the Youtube platform in Indonesia and to analyze about digital media surveillance efforts on viewers on the Youtube platform in Indonesia. This research uses normative juridical methods using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach, as well as using primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials.The technique of collecting legal materials is through library research and this research uses qualitative analysis. The results of the study found that KPI as an authorized institution in the field of broadcasting, in this case KPI is not authorized to supervise new social media in Indonesia such as on the youtube platform

The “Buzz” About Tinnitus: A Social Media Study

This study addressed epistemological limitations in ushul fiqh instruction among prospective Islamic education teachers, especially their difficulty in contextualizing legal reasoning in the digital era. The study aimed to develop a critical-contextual, digitally integrated learning model to enhance ushuli reasoning. A mixed-methods approach with an exploratory sequential design was employed. The research consisted of two phases. The qualitative phase involved field observations, focus group discussions, and semi-structured interviews. In the quantitative phase, a product trial was performed to evaluate model effectiveness. A total of 60 students and 10 lecturers from three Islamic education programs in West Java and Banten provinces, Indonesia were purposively selected. Qualitative findings revealed gaps in engagement, digital integration, and relevance. This informed the formulation of the SMART learning model—strategic, meaningful, active, reflective, and transformative five-stage instructional syntax model designed to build critical-contextual legal reasoning. Quantitative results demonstrated significant improvement in learning outcomes (pre-test: M = 65.87; post-test: M = 86.13; p < .001), confirming the model’s effectiveness. This study offers an original contribution by presenting an evidence-based instructional model that aligns classical ushul fiqh with innovative, digitally driven pedagogy for Islamic education reform.

One evidence of the social changes that are taking place is the phenomenon of flexing culture, which is increasingly popular on social media, especially on the YouTube platform. Leslar Entertainment's YouTube content, which features Lesti and Bilar's flexing culture, has also received a lot of attention. Rizky Bilar and Lesti Kejora's materialistic behavior shows that they have a successful life with luxury goods, which can create a sense of imitation for netizens to be able to have the same thing. This study aims to determine how the phenomenon of flexing culture on YouTube social media Leslar Entertainment in relation to materialistic imitative using Alfred Schutz's phenomenological analysis of the period January-June 2023. Using descriptive qualitative research methods. Data collection was carried out using documentation techniques and literature studies. In this study, interactive model data analysis techniques were used, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, conclusion verification. The results of this study indicate that the flexing culture phenomenon displayed by Lesti-Billar on YouTube Leslar Entertainment causes materialistic imitative phenomena in some of its viewers. This can be seen from the positive comments that support Leslar's flexing content and inspire netizens to do imitative. In addition to showing off, the act of flexing is also based on because motives such as seeking attention, existence, social pressure, and lack of empathy. in order to motives also influence Lesti-Billar to increase popularity, image, social status, followers, financial gain, inspiration, entertainment, brand value, and business opportunities. This phenomenon is in accordance with Alfred Schutz's phenomenological theory.

Engagement with the public and promoting social participation have emerged as essential aspects of democratic governance which have resulted in the focus towards social media by the Indonesian government. The role of social media has become increasingly vital for the Indonesian government and its governing agencies to reach and accommodate broad and diverse publics. Unfortunately, in developing nations, particularly Indonesia, using social media in government institutions to engage with the people and provide services is still deemed inconsistent and uneven. Hence, this case study explores an Indonesian provincial government's social media initiatives that have been nationally acknowledged as successful in strategies of fostering digital dialogue to facilitate social participation and could potentially become an exemplary implementation model for the country. The authors conducted a focus group discussion with public information and social media officials. Generally, the findings demonstrate how regional governments, with solid backing from the top leader and a well-designed strategic plan, could leverage social media platforms to meet public expectations while advancing democratic governance. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the social media initiatives undertaken by the provincial government have facilitated public participation, ensuring that citizens are heard and can actively participate in governmental decisions that impact their needs. This paper contributes to the existing literature on government public relations by highlighting the government's role in advocating democratic and participatory governance. Keywords: Digital dialogue, government public relations, Indonesia, social media, public participation.

The year 2020 was undoubtedly going down in history as one of the worst years ever due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Many countries around the world were forced to impose a total lockdown, and this situation occurred again in early June 2021 in Malaysia. Many countries were in their 2nd wave or 3rd wave of lockdown, which caused several restrictions such as movement control, the limit of travel or inter-states. Many businesses were affected. Some big corporations were forced to shut down their productions, lay off, and causing huge numbers of unemployment in the country. There were several news reported that Malaysia’s retails faced bad financial losses and even wave a ‘white flag’ campaign to strike for help from the public. However, instead of begging for help, retailers or businesses should adapt to a new channel and accepting to a more sophisticated computerized operation and diversify into electronic (e-retails) or mobile retails (m-retails) via social media. This study aims to study the causes of young consumer purchase intention using social media during the global pandemic. There are five main variables being studied. The five factors, such as perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, performance expectancy, interactivity, and intention to express empathy, were selected and analyzed using SPSS Software. This study concluded that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and interactivity have a significant relationship with young consumer purchase intention using social media, while performance expectancy and intention to express empathy have not significant relationship with young consumer purchase intention. This study benefits newly operate SMEs or existing SMEs as they can provide better marketing through social media in order to sustain their businesses.

This study aims to find out and analyze the extent to which the religious moderation model was developed by the author of TK B textbooks. Researchers used library research with qualitative research as a type of research. Sources of data studied, namely; Kindergarten B textbooks totaled seven books. To examine the text and images contained in TK B textbooks, researchers used Content Analysis. Content Analysis is a scientific analysis of the contents of a communication message. Technically, the scope of content analysis substance includes; classification of signs used in communication, using criteria as a basis for classification, and using certain analytical techniques as predictors. The results showed that the religious moderation model in TK B textbooks was introduced through local wisdom and national commitment. Local wisdom is represented by; relics of the past, such as; temples, statues, chariot wheels, jugs, pinisi boats, swords, temple gates, temple banners, traditional houses, traditional dances, traditional clothes, and names based on local traditions. While the national commitment is represented by the red and white flag and its pole, flag ceremonial activities, and the Garuda bird in the palace. But on the other hand, accommodating music playing as a symbol of a unifying tool for the nation and prevention of national disintegration. traditional dances, traditional clothing, and local tradition-based names. While the national commitment is represented by the red and white flag and its pole, flag ceremonial activities, and the Garuda bird in the palace. But on the other hand, accommodating music playing as a symbol of a unifying tool for the nation and prevention of national disintegration. traditional dances, traditional clothing, and local tradition-based names. While the national commitment is represented by the red and white flag and its pole, flag ceremonial activities, and the Garuda bird in the palace. But on the other hand, accommodating music playing as a symbol of a unifying tool for the nation and prevention of national disintegration.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs Toward Organ Donation Among Social Media Users.

Digital Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Deception, Disinformation and Social Media