The reliability and validity of a physical activity and sedentary behaviour home audit tool for children aged 2–5 years

Abstract

ObjectivesTo test the reliability and validity of a physical activity and sedentary behaviour home environment audit tool for young children (2–5 years old). DesignCross-sectional. MethodsParents of children aged 2–5 years were recruited through online methods (i.e., social media and blogs). Reliability of the SPACES home audit tool was assessed using self-reported surveys (n = 55) completed on two separate occasions, approximately 12 days apart. Validity of the home audit tool was assessed in a separate sample via home observations by researchers conducted after parents completed the self-report survey (n = 21). The audit tool measured indoor and outdoor home environment characteristics hypothesised to influence young children's physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Data were analysed using intraclass correlations (ICCs) and Kappas. ResultsThe majority of items demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity (80.4% and 53.4%, respectively). Size of the child's bedroom showed substantial agreement for reliability (ICC = 0.85), and slight agreement for validity (ICC = 0.23). Physical activity equipment items within the indoor environment showed slight to moderate agreement for reliability (ICC = 0.32–0.68) and slight agreement for validity (ICC = 0.15–0.35). Screen time equipment showed substantial agreement for reliability (ICC = 0.83) and fair for validity (ICC = 0.38). Outdoor items (e.g., backyard size, availability and condition of physical activity equipment, outdoor features) showed substantial agreement for reliability and validity (ICC = 0.84–0.95). ConclusionsThe home audit tool was found to be reliable and valid for many items. This tool could be used in future research to understand the impact of the home environment on young children's physical activity and sedentary behaviour.