The Relevance of Modern Genetic Concepts to the Al-Qur'an: DNA Analysis and Human Creation According to the Ministry of Religion's Scientific Interpretation

This research examines the scientific interpretation of agricultural verses in the Ministry of Religion’s interpretation. The Ministry of Religion’s scientific interpretation work responds to efforts to integrate science and the Qur’an. It is motivated by modern social life characterized by advances in science and technology. Scientific interpretation is used in interpreting kauniyah verses by involving scientific tools. The meaning revealed results from a dialectical process between the Qur’an and scientific disciplines or modern science. This qualitative-descriptive research seeks to trace and classify the interpretation of agricultural verses in the Ministry of Religion’s scientific interpretation works. The findings show that the Ministry of Religion’s scientific interpretation of agricultural verses includes several aspects, such as the nature of human creation as managers of the earth, livelihoods, land use, use of plants for human life, water resources, and preventing water crises. The Ministry of Religion’s scientific interpretation of these agricultural verses responds to contemporary environmental crises and global warming phenomena. This interpretation also provides insight into ecological preservation by farming as a provider of life in the universe. Such environmental preservation can mitigate global crises caused by rapid industrial and technological life.

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Spatial and temporal localization during embryonic and fetal human development of the transcription factor SIM2 in brain regions altered in Down syndrome

Along with the times, culture in the world of education has an important role in human life and development. Where culture in education has an important role in human development and growth. So that education in Islamic boarding schools as a medium for printing human resources, researchers raised the title of Islamic boarding school culture in shaping human resources with the character of 9 Budi Utama Santri at Putri Hafshawaty Timur Zainul Hasan Genggong Islamic boarding school. 2) to find out the description of the santri in implementing the 9 Budi Utama Santri, 3) to find out the culture of the santri in the pesantren environment. Islamic boarding school culture is a habitual activity carried out by the students as an effort by the pesantren to build the character of the students. This type of research uses a qualitative approach. The data collection was obtained from information through direct observation techniques, in-depth interviews with Islamic boarding schools, and documentation. The results of this study in the management of human resources for students at Pondok Putri Hafshawaty Timur show: 1) the increase in the success of the number of students has increased very significantly from year to year. 2) an increase in the formation of the character of the students in obeying the rules at the Islamic boarding school. 3) improving the quality of boarding school administrators in fostering the character of students. So that education in Islamic boarding schools can be a good choice for the community as a source of seeking knowledge for their children.

Technological innovation is considered one of the most significant production variables. The influence of natural resource rents on this factor is crucial to the success of nations' sustainability with abundant natural resources. Driven by a theoretical argument, this research investigates the impact of natural resource rents on technological innovation by engaging the "instrumental variable fixed-effect method." With "Driscoll-Kraay's robust standard errors," the research accounts for "cross-sectional dependency" in a panel of 79 economies from 1995 to 2021. The empirical results confirm that natural resource rents positively and significantly impact innovation measured with trademark and patent applications. The findings also indicate that the components of natural resource rents, such as oil and natural gas rents, significantly promote technological innovation. The findings also indicate the roles of human development, financial development, and trade economies in the impact of natural resource rents on technological innovation. Due to heterogeneity, the analysis categorizes countries based on their economic development into "developed," "transition," and "developing" economies. The article finishes with policy implications, arguing that natural resource rent support a more resource-efficient economy and move toward a more circular economy targeted for sustainability. Therefore, emerging markets that initiate natural resource rents can support human capital and financial services through financial sector development and trade in maximizing technological innovation.

The current stage of development of the world economy, based on advanced digital technologies, increases the relevance of education, professionalism, and creative abilities of participants in the production process. The article is aimed at substantiating the determining role of human capital development in the economic recovery of Ukraine in the post-pandemic and post-war periods. One of the comprehensive indicators for assessing the quality of human capital is the Human Development Index. This indicator measures the country's average achievements in the following aspects of human development: long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living. A review of the values of the Human Development Index and gross national income per capita of the world revealed a correlation between the two indicators. This is confirmed in the article by a graphical representation of positions of countries in the coordinate system "HDI-GNI per capita", as well as the high value of the coefficient of determination of the constructed correlation model. The mutual nature of the dependence between these indicators is formulated and substantiated. A schematic model of the relationship between human development and the economic growth of the country is proposed. The crucial role in human development of the factor of providing conditions for equal access to quality education for all segments of the population in all corners of the world is described. The article highlights targets in the field of education, the achievement of which is a benchmark of activities of the world community until 2030 according to the Sustainable Development Goals. The achievements of Ukraine in the sphere of education over the years of independence are assessed, and gaps and main directions of further work on providing the population with access to quality education are identified. The conclusion about the exceptional importance of human capital in the process of reconstruction of Ukraine is formulated.

PurposeIt is now widely recognized that human development (HD) and economic growth (EG) are intertwined in two‐way feedback processes either leading to an upward spiral of development or a poverty trap. This concept is used to overcome one of the limitations of a previous study by Qureshi which assumes exogenous gross domestic product (GDP). With endogenous GDP formulation, the impact of public expenditure on HD and EG in Pakistan is examined.Design/methodology/approachSystem dynamics approach is used to model, identify and help manage the development path of HD and EG in Pakistan given alternative policies for public expenditure on HD and EG. For this purpose the model endogenously determines path of population cohorts, and education, health and economic indicators.FindingsThe simulation results suggest that the current level of public expenditure on HD is extremely low and any further decrease will have irreversible negative impact on HD and economic indicators, even if the resources so saved are effectively invested in EG. Further, higher public expenditure on EG may neither result into better HD indicators nor economic indicators. On the contrary, higher public expenditure on HD not only improves HD indicators but also supplements EG. The results of this study conform to the results of earlier research and challenge the very basis of fiscal policy in Pakistan which has continually ignored HD over decades.Research limitations/implicationsThe model boundary excludes possible causal links of public expenditure, HD and income distribution. Identification and inclusion of these causalities may improve understanding of perpetuating asymmetric income distribution in Pakistan its role in HD and EG trade‐off.Practical implicationsThis paper suggests reorientation of fiscal policy in Pakistan and to anchor it to HD by allocating more public funds.Originality/valueThe unique characteristic of this model is explicit modelling of population cohorts in a two‐way feedback relationship with economic development considering the delays and non‐linearities involved in this process.

Developmental biology has long benefited from studies of classic model organisms. These model systems have provided the fundamental understanding of general principles of development, as well as insight into genes and signaling pathways that control unique aspects of cell fate specification and tissue morphogenesis. Because human brain development cannot be studied in vivo, scientists have relied on these model systems to study basic principles underlying the development of this complex organ as many of these genes and signaling pathways play conserved roles in human development. However, recent studies have shown species-specific signatures in neurodevelopment such as the transcriptome of outer-radial glia, suggesting use of a human-derived model remains imperative. Over the past decade, human stem cell-derived brain organoids have emerged as a biologically relevant model system to study normal human brain development and neurological diseases. Here, we provide a historical perspective of this emerging model system, discuss current systems and limitations, and propose that new mechanistic insight into cell biology can be revealed using these three-dimensional brain structures.

miRNA regulates the expression of protein coding genes and plays a regulatory role in human development and disease. The human iPSCs and their differentiated progenies provide a unique opportunity to identify these miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms. To identify miRNA–mRNA regulatory interactions in human nervous system development, well characterized NSCs were differentiated from six validated iPSC lines and analyzed for differentially expressed (DE) miRNome and transcriptome by RNA sequencing. Following the criteria, moderated t statistics, FDR-corrected p-value ≤ 0.05 and fold change—absolute (FC-abs) ≥2.0, 51 miRNAs and 4033 mRNAs were found to be significantly DE between iPSCs and NSCs. The miRNA target prediction analysis identified 513 interactions between 30 miRNA families (mapped to 51 DE miRNAs) and 456 DE mRNAs that were paradoxically oppositely expressed. These 513 interactions were highly enriched in nervous system development functions (154 mRNAs; FDR-adjusted p-value range: 8.06 × 10−15–1.44 × 10−4). Furthermore, we have shown that the upregulated miR-10a-5p, miR-30c-5p, miR23-3p, miR130a-3p and miR-17-5p miRNA families were predicted to down-regulate several genes associated with the differentiation of neurons, neurite outgrowth and synapse formation, suggesting their role in promoting the self-renewal of undifferentiated NSCs. This study also provides a comprehensive characterization of iPSC-generated NSCs as dorsal neuroepithelium, important for their potential use in in vitro modeling of human brain development and disease.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays critical roles in human development and cancer progression. However, our knowledge regarding the dynamic expression of m6A regulators during human tissue development is still lacking. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the dynamic expression alterations of m6A regulators during seven tissue development and eight cancer types. We found that m6A regulators globally exhibited decreased expression during development. In addition, IGF2BP1/2/3 (insulinlike growth factor 2 MRNA-binding protein 1/2/3) exhibited reverse expression pattern in cancer progression, suggesting an oncofetal reprogramming in cancer. The expressions of IGF2BP1/2/3 were regulated by genome alterations, particularly copy number amplification in cancer. Clinical association analysis revealed that higher expressions of IGF2BP1/2/3 were associated with worse survival of cancer patients. Finally, we found that genes significantly correlated with IGF2BP1/2/3 were significantly enriched in cancer hallmark-related pathways. In summary, dynamic expression analysis will guide both mechanistic and therapeutic roles of m6A regulators during tissue development and cancer progression.

Increased CDX2 and decreased PITX1 homeobox gene expression in Barrett's esophagus and Barrett's-associated adenocarcinoma

The intricate process of formation of the heart relies on the spatiotemporal regulation of differentiation and growth of its different parts. Errors in these processes can result in hypoplasia of the chambers and incorrect alignment of the atria and great arteries with the ventricles, with such abnormalities producing the worst forms of congenital heart disease.1 Although recent advances in molecular embryology have greatly improved our understanding of normal cardiac development, our insights into the pathogenesis of human cardiac malformations remain limited.2 With the current lack of data on gene expression in humans, inferences concerning morphogenesis rely on classic studies of human cardiac development or on extrapolation of experimental data from animal studies. Most textbooks on human embryology describe the embryonic heart tube as already possessing a linear array of the definitive components, despite this so-called segmental concept being disproved some time ago by fate-mapping experiments in chickens,3,4 which are now endorsed by recent molecular lineage analyses in mice.5 Proliferation studies in chickens revealed that the primary heart tube proliferates minimally and that its growth occurs through addition of differentiating cells from visceral mesoderm at the venous and arterial poles.6 These findings underscore previous lineage studies performed in mice, which have shown that transcription factors Islet1 and Tbx1 play a crucial role in the intricate balance between the cardiac precursor state and differentiation.7,8 Subsequent to its formation, the heart tube elongates and loops, producing its inner and outer curvatures and providing the general building plan for formation of the chambers and conduction system.9 The chambers themselves form by local proliferation and differentiation at the outer curvature.10,11 At the same time, the differentiating chamber myocardium remains flanked by primary myocardium, which is prevented from further differentiation by the …

Progress of knowledge provides a major influence on the development of other knowledge, including in the field of Quranic interpretation. The achievements of modern science provide a new color in the method of interpreting the Qur'an. The tendency of interpreters using the progress of science gave birth to the method of tafsir bi al-‘Ilm (scientific interpretation). As a new method, tafsir bi al-‘Ilmi becomes one of the methods which is validated. Although some people use this method as a proof of Qur'anic miracles, this study aims to find out the validity of the truth of tafsir bi al-'Ilmi by using the theory of truth in the philosophy of science. This study uses a text analysis method to provide an understanding of the views that use the method of tafsir bi al-'Ilmi as a way to understand the Quran. This study found that the use of scientific discoveries as an approach to prove that the Qur'an contains explanations for natural phenomena is carried out by some modern interpreters, such as Tantawi Jawhari, Sayyid Qutb and M. Quraish Shihab. They assume that al-Dhariyat (51): 47, al-Anbiya (21): 30, Fussilat (41): 11, Hud (11): 7 and al-Haj (22): 47 explain the creation of nature in accordance with the discoveries of modern science. However, in this study, the interpretation of these verses by using the theory of correspondence, the theory of coherence, and consensus theory were not found to be true. Therefore, this study supports the opinions of al-Shatibi, al-Dhahabi, and Muhammad Shaltut, who rejected the validity of tafsir bi al-'Ilmi.

Craniosynostosis (CS) is the premature fusion of the cranial sutures, occurring either in isolated or syndromic form. Syndromic CS, which was described in over 180 genetic syndromes, accounts for 15-30% of all CS cases and usually originates from mutations within the FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and TWIST1 genes. However, causative alterations in other genes, or rarely copy number variations (CNVs) were also reported. In this article, we describe a patient with Noonan-like facial dysmorphism accompanied by intellectual disability and compound CS, involving coronal, sagittal, and squamous sutures. We applied karyotyping, copy number variations analysis using array comparative genomic hybridization, and microarray-based genes expresion analysis. We have shown that the index carried a large and rare heterozygous deletion, which encompassed 12.782 Mb and mapped to a chromosomal region of 7q32.3-q35 (HG38 - chr7:131837067-144607071). The aberration comprised 109 protein-coding genes, including BRAF, that encodes serine/threonine-protein kinase B-Raf, being a part of the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway. The RAS/MAPK pathway plays an essential role in human development; hence, its dysregulation not surprisingly results in severe congenital anomalies, such as phenotypically overlapping syndromes termed RASopathies. To our best knowledge, we report here the first CNV causing haploinsufficiency of BRAF, resulting in dysregulation of the RAS/MAPK cascade, and consequently, in the phenotype observed in our patient. To conclude, with this report, we have pointed to the involvement of the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway in CS development. Moreover, we have shown that the molecular analysis based on both DNA and RNA profiling, undoubtedly constitutes a comprehensive diagnostic and research strategy for elucidating a cause of genetic diseases.

Integrator is an RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)-associated complex that was recently identified to have a broad role in both RNA processing and transcription regulation. Importantly, its role in human development and disease is so far largely unexplored. Here, we provide evidence that biallelic Integrator Complex Subunit 1 (INTS1) and Subunit 8 (INTS8) gene mutations are associated with rare recessive human neurodevelopmental syndromes. Three unrelated individuals of Dutch ancestry showed the same homozygous truncating INTS1 mutation. Three siblings harboured compound heterozygous INTS8 mutations. Shared features by these six individuals are severe neurodevelopmental delay and a distinctive appearance. The INTS8 family in addition presented with neuronal migration defects (periventricular nodular heterotopia). We show that the first INTS8 mutation, a nine base-pair deletion, leads to a protein that disrupts INT complex stability, while the second missense mutation introduces an alternative splice site leading to an unstable messenger. Cells from patients with INTS8 mutations show increased levels of unprocessed UsnRNA, compatible with the INT function in the 3’-end maturation of UsnRNA, and display significant disruptions in gene expression and RNA processing. Finally, the introduction of the INTS8 deletion mutation in P19 cells using genome editing alters gene expression throughout the course of retinoic acid-induced neural differentiation. Altogether, our results confirm the essential role of Integrator to transcriptome integrity and point to the requirement of the Integrator complex in human brain development.