The relationships between body weight, appetite, depression, and anxiety: Findings from the Texas Youth Depression and Suicide Research Network (TX-YDSRN)

Prognostic Impact of Nutritional Status at Diagnosis and Weight Changes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Receiving Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Commentary: Is the concern regarding overweight/obesity in India overstated?

Objective: To determine the association between body mass index (BMI) and hypertension in the healthy weight group (BMI: >18.5-<25.0) stratified by age, sex, and race. Methods: Patient age, sex, race, BMI, and a diagnosis of hypertension for 51,435 adult patients (>18 years old) seen since 2015 at either the family medicine clinic or general internal medicine clinics were obtained from the electronic health record using ICD-10 codes for hypertension. This analysis was implemented on the 14,443 of these patients whose BMI values were between 18.5 and <25. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between BMI and hypertension with and without adjusting for the impact of age, race, and sex. Odds ratios were calculated for both the adjusted and unadjusted models. Results: Hypertension rates for healthy weight individuals steadily increased with BMI and age, which were independently associated with hypertension. The percentage of patients with hypertension by race was 20.9%, 18.1%, 13.1%, 11.7%, and 9.5% for Black, White, Asian, Other, and Hispanic/Latino, respectively. Fewer women had hypertension compared with men (15.5% vs 20.4%). Tests of odds ratios (both adjusted and unadjusted) indicated that individuals with greater BMI measurements in the healthy weight group are at significantly greater risk for hypertension. Conclusions: Patients in the healthy weight group with higher BMI within that group are at greater risk for hypertension. Patients who are male, Black, or older are also at greater risk of hypertension relative to the rest of the patient population.

The current study investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among a large and non-clinical sample of adolescents, and tested the possible moderating effect of perceived teacher and classmate support on this association. French-speaking Belgian adolescents (n = 11,342) self-reported height and weight, HRQoL (KIDSCREEN-10), as well as their perception of teacher and classmate relationships. Adjusting for sociodemographics, linear regression analyses with HRQoL as the outcome variable were performed for boys and girls separately. Interactions between BMI and teacher support, and between BMI and classmate support were included to examine the effect of this support on the association between BMI and HRQoL. Obesity was associated with lower HRQoL for boys (β=-2.14, p = 0.002) and for girls (β=-2.96, p = 0.001), while only overweight girls showed a significant impaired HRQoL compared with normal-weight ones (β=-0.94, p = 0.01). In both sexes, lower perceived teacher and classmate support was associated with lower HRQoL. Interactions between BMI and perceived teacher relationships, and between BMI and perceived classmate relationships, were not significant for boys as for girls. Perceived school-related social support constitutes an important dimension of adolescent well-being, suggesting the relevance of considering it for promoting greater HRQoL in overweight and obese youth. Future studies are needed to confirm the absence of moderating effect of this support and explore its effect on other weight-related factors, like body image, weight misperception and bullying, associated with decreased HRQoL in adolescents.

Obesity and CKD: How to Assess the Risk?

To study the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cardiovascular risk factors among Chinese adult population. 98 271 subjects aged 18 years or over were recruited from 162 surveillance points around 31 provinces in China's mainland in 2010, under a complex multistage stratified sampling method. The survey included face-to-face interview, physical measurement and laboratory testing, to collect information related to the prevalence of risk factors as smoking, drinking, diet and physical activities as well as the prevalence of main chronic disease as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. 24 kg/m(2)≤BMI<28 kg/m(2) was defined as overweight and BMI≥28 kg/m(2) was defined as obese. After a complex weighting on the sample, level and proportion of cardiovascular risk factors in groups of different BMI were analyzed. The overall prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 30.6% (95%CI:29.5%-31.7%) and 12.0% (95%CI:11.0%-12.9%) and were significantly higher in men for overweight (χ(2) = 16.09, P < 0.001) and those aged 45-65 years old for both overweight and obesity (χ(2) values were 485.17 and 112.23 both P < 0.001), respectively. The levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting blood insulin (FBI) showed a significantly increase on BMI and were seen higher in overweight (F values were 4 056.19, 6 860.70, 3 898.91, 1 624.73, 2 337.21, 2 558.01, 1 049.01 and 1 665.52, with both Ps< 0.001)respectively and obese participants (F values were 5 628.68, 9 949.81, 5 508.77, 1 656.34, 2 452.05, 2 365.92, 1 441.72 and 6 081.27, respectively; all Ps<0.001). The prevalence rates of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, insulin resistance and clustering of cardiovascular disease showed a significantly increase on BMI and were higher in overweight (χ(2) values were 704.70, 521.86, 431.35, 449.13 and 686.83, both Ps<0.001), and obese participants (χ(2) values were 113.45, 645.03, 1 063.30, 1 547.86 and 1 909.66, both Ps<0.001), respectively. After adjustment for age and gender, participants with 24 kg/m(2) ≤BMI<28 kg/m(2) and BMI≥28 kg/m(2) increased the risks of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, insulin resistance and clustering of cardiovascular disease by 2.5/5.5, 2.2/3.4, 1.8/2.9, 2.9/8.2 and 3.3/8.9 times than participants with BMI<28 kg/m(2), respectively. The risk of cardiovascular disease parallelly increased with BMI among Chinese adults. Rational control on BMI should be viewed as priority on chronic disease prevention and control.

Association between body mass index (BMI) and semen quality

595ICE FALCON: a causation assessment method analogous to, but more powerful than, Mendelian Randomisation

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND HYPERTENSION IN ELDERLY GREEKS: THE NEMEA PRIMARY CARE STUDY

Objective To explore the association between body mass index(BMI), clinicopathological characteristics, and prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Methods Medical records and follow-up data of 107 patients with colorectal cancertreated in Chinese PLA General Hospital from July 2005 to June 2011 were analyzed retrospectively.The patients were divided into normal weight group(BMI<23.0kg/m2), overweight group(23.0 kg/m2≤BMI<27.5 kg/m2), and obese group(BMI≥27.5 kg/m2). The clinicopathological factors were compared among these three groups and the association between BMI and 5-year overall survival rate was analyzed. Results There were 37 patients(34.6%)in the normal weight group, 54 patients(50.5%)in the overweight group, and 16 patients(14.9%)in the obese group.The median survival time was 37 months.The 1-, 3-and 5-year overall survival rates were 95.3%, 81.9%, and 74.0%, respectively.According to the Kaplan-Meier method, tumor site, infiltrating degree, lymph metastasis, and clinical stage had significant effects on 5-year overall survival rate(P<0.05, respectively). BMI was significantly relevant to tumor infiltrating degree(P=0.039). No statistically significant correlation was found between BMI and 5-year overall survival rate, but the elevated BMI showed a trend toward increased 5-year overall survival rate(69.2% vs 72.0% vs 93.8%, P=0.239). Cox proportional hazards model indicated that the tumor site and clinical stage were significant independent risk factors(P<0.05, respectively), but BMI was not(P=0.343). Conclusions There is no significant association between BMI and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. Key words: Colorectal neoplasms; Body weight; Prognosis

RationaleThere is an association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with underweight individuals having higher mortality risk. Mortality and exacerbation risks among individuals with higher BMI are unclear.ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between BMI and adverse outcomes in COPD.MethodsThis post hoc analysis included data from TIOSPIR (Tiotropium Safety and Performance in Respimat) (N = 17,116) and tiotropium-treated patients in UPLIFT (Understanding Potential Long-term Impacts on Function with Tiotropium) (N = 2,986). BMI classes (underweight [BMI < 20 kg/m2], normal weight [BMI 20 to <25 kg/m2], overweight [BMI 25 to <30 kg/m2], obesity class I [BMI 30 to <35 kg/m2], obesity class II [BMI 35 to <40 kg/m2], and obesity class III [BMI ⩾ 40 kg/m2]) were examined for adjusted associations with mortality, exacerbation, and nonfatal cardiovascular event risk using over 50,000 patient-years of cumulative follow-up data. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox regression models.ResultsIn TIOSPIR, obesity prevalence was 22%, overweight 32%, and underweight 12%. The proportion of females was highest in obesity classes II and III. Overweight and obese participants had better baseline lung function versus other BMI classes; underweight participants were more likely to be current smokers. Underweight participants had a significantly higher risk of death (HR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.62–2.20; P < 0.0001) and severe exacerbations (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.16–1.47; P < 0.0001) versus normal-weight participants; however, overweight and obese participants were at lower to no additional risk. Results from UPLIFT were similar to TIOSPIR.ConclusionsThese results suggest that there is a strong association between body weight, COPD events, and risk of death. A holistic management approach taking into account respiratory and cardiovascular risk factors and nutritional status is needed to improve the general well-being of patients with COPD.

Obese and overweight youth are at an increased risk for poor peer relations and psychosocial adjustment. Of particular concern is the high rate of bullying victimization experienced by obese and overweight youth. While it is known that victimized youth are at an increased risk for internalizing symptoms, few studies have examined if weight status exacerbates the association between victimization and internalizing symptoms. The current study drew upon data from over 43,000 youth attending 107 middle and high schools. Multilevel results suggested that compared with normal weight youth, both overweight and obese youth were at an increased risk for experiencing relational, verbal, and cyber victimization, with only obese youth being at an increased risk for experiencing physical victimization. Notably, the odds for experiencing cyber victimization were higher than the odds for experiencing other forms of victimization. Frequently victimized obese youth, but not frequently victimized overweight youth, had significantly higher levels of internalizing symptoms compared to their frequently victimized, normal-weight peers. Together, these findings highlight the increased risk for psychosocial adjustment problems among frequently victimized overweight and obese youth, suggesting these youth may require preventive interventions tailored to meet their unique needs. (PsycINFO Database Record

The goals of this study were to examine the associations between body mass index (BMI), as well as BMI change and weight change, with midlife hot flashes. Data were analyzed from an ongoing 5-year cohort study of 631 midlife women (ages 45-54 years) recruited from Baltimore, Maryland, and its surrounding counties. Height and weight were measured at clinic visits conducted annually. Questionnaires administered at each clinic visit collected detailed data on hot flashes, including the severity and frequency, and other covariates. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and generalized estimated equation models, adjusting for potential confounders. Among women enrolled in the study, 45.2% reported hot flashes and 32.0% were categorized as being obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m(2)) at baseline. At baseline, BMI was not significantly associated with ever experiencing hot flashes (BMI ≥30 versus <25 kg/m(2): odds ratio [OR] 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58, 1.15) or any of the other hot flashes outcomes (recent, frequent, or severe). In addition, no statistically significant associations between BMI, BMI change, or weight change, and the hot flash outcomes were observed in the longitudinal models (for example, any hot flashes: BMI ≥30 versus <25 kg/m(2): OR 0.81; 95% CI: 0.56, 1.17). BMI, BMI change, and weight change during midlife were not related to hot flashes in this study. The data suggest that other factors, such as smoking habits, are more important in determining hot flashes risk during midlife.

Body weight is related to both diabetes and cognitive impairment; however, the associations between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive impairment have been reported less frequently among diabetes patients. A total of 1355 patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥ 60 years were included in this study. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was administered to assess participants’ cognitive status. We collected self-reported body weight, weight loss and appetite loss data using questionnaires. Associations between body weight status (in childhood, midlife age, and late life), weight loss, appetite changes and cognitive impairment were explored using logistic regression. Among the participants, 41.7% exhibited cognitive impairment. Overweight in childhood and late life was associated with cognitive impairment among diabetes patients (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.52–4.55; OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.03–1.69). Diabetes patients with cognitive impairment were more likely to report a body weight decline and appetite reduction in the past three months (OR 4.18, 95% CI 2.61–6.71; OR 4.41, 95% CI 2.67–7.29). Higher BMI, weight loss, and appetite reduction were positively correlated with cognitive impairment. Given the risk of cognitive impairment, we suggest that body weight and BMI decline should be monitored in patients with diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: Association between body mass index (BMI) and mental disorders had long been investigated. Recent researches declare a relation between obesity and depressed mood as well as clinical depression. On the other hand mental disorders such as alexithymia are also found to be correlated with an increased risk of obesity. Therefore we aimed to evaluate depression and alexithymia together among normal, overweight and obese adults in order to assess what kind of an association is there between BMI, depression and alexithymia. Additionally we investigated whether there was a relationship between psychosomatic disorders and alexithymia. METHOD: We enrolled 100 adults, aged between 18 to 67 from Department of Endocrinology out-patient clinic whom had normal levels of TSH, fT3 and fT4 thyroid hormones and formed 3 groups according to their Body Mass Index (BMI). Individuals who had had BMI between 18.5-24.99 formed the normal, BMI between 25-29.99 formed the overweight and BMI 30 and above formed the obese groups. All three groups were evaluated by Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) for clinical diagnosis and also given Toronto Alexithymia Scale 26 item (TAS-26) as well as Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS: There was a positive relation between BMI and current depressive episode and this finding was stronger in women. There was no such relation with lifelong depression. TAS-26 total and subscale scores revealed no difference between three groups. As BDI total scores got higher TAS-26 scores were higher. Hence there was a strong positive relation between depression and alexithymia. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that higher BMI increases current depressive episode. No association is found between BMI and lifelong depression. Depression and depression severity are strongly associated with alexithymia. Contradictive with literature, alexithymia and its severity are not found to be related with BMI. Following overweight and obese indviduals is important to offset the adverse outcomes of depression.