Abstract
The influence of Bi2O3 and melting temperature on the thermal and structural properties of xBi2O3-(60-x) ZnO-40B2O3 glasses has been investigated in this study. It is expected that these factors can be used to control the degree of reduction of Bi2O3, and the relationship between these factors and the color change of the process for bismuth glass is discussed. Due to high-temperature melting, the bismuth-doped borate glasses have changed into dark/black from original transparent yellow and the light transmittance will decrease, so it is not used in optical applications. The thermal properties of glass are measured by a thermomechanical analyzer (TMA), and the glass structure is analyzed by FTIR and XPS. The results show that the glass is mainly composed of [BiO6] octahedron, [BiO3] triangle, [BO4] tetrahedron, and triangle [BO3] units, and the network of the glass system is mainly bonded by B-O-B, B-O-Zn, B-O-Bi, and Bi-O-Bi. The glass thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of this glass system increases with the increase of Bi2O3 content, and the O1s nuclear electron binding energy shifts to the lower energy direction with the increase of Bi2O3 addition. In terms of FTIR, as the melting temperature rises, the B-O-B bonding vibration concentration of [BO4] inside the borate glass decreases, and the density of B-O-B bonding vibration of [BO3] increases, Moreover, the increase in melting temperature increases the probability of reducing Bi ions to Bi0, reduces the bonding of Bi-O-B, and increases the bonding of B-O-B, and the CTE also slightly decreases.
Highlights
IntroductionAdding Pb2+ of lead oxide (PbO) to the glass can make the glass have good light transmittance, stable structure, low-temperature glass characteristic temperature, excellent optical properties, thermal properties, and electrical properties [1], but it is easy to cause harmful effects on the environment and the human body
X-ray diffraction analysis uses Rigaku Rint 2200 type and uses CuKa as the diffraction light source and the filter as Ni filter, the operating voltage is 30 kV, and the current is 20 mA. e scanning speed is set to 8 degrees per minute for analysis, and the finished glass is analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm that there is no crystal in the glass
TMA, the thermal mechanical analyzer, is the most used to measure the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), which is the average value of the thermal strain versus the temperature change after a material passes through a temperature change curve. e thermal analysis of the glass in this experiment uses a thermomechanical analyzer Perkin Elmer TMA 7, USA. e glass sample was ground into a square test piece with a size of 5 × 5 × 5 parallel to the top and bottom and placed in the carrier of the TMA instrument at a heating rate of 10°C per minute
Summary
Adding PbO to the glass can make the glass have good light transmittance, stable structure, low-temperature glass characteristic temperature, excellent optical properties, thermal properties, and electrical properties [1], but it is easy to cause harmful effects on the environment and the human body. Dietzel [7] derived the Coulomb electrostatic force field and field strength formula in 1942 and pointed out that the structure of borate glass [BO3] is a plane triangle, and the boron coordination number is 3. [BO3] and [BO4] are usually connected in a ring in glass, which is called a boron ring structure (boroxol group structure), a random network structure formed by bonding with B-O-B. In the cation field strength theory of glass structure theory, because the field strength of Bi2O3 is weak, it belongs to the nature of glass as an intermediate agent and Advances in Condensed Matter Physics cannot form glass alone. Other authors [8,9,10,11] stated, respectively, that the glass intermediate Bi2O3 is sometimes presented as [BiO3] and [BiO6] structural units in the glass structure or as [BiO3] triangles or [BiO6] octahedron and other structural units appear, and Bi2O3 can be used as a glass modifier or glass forming agent, depending on the proportion of Bi2O3 in the overall glass composition
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