THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH AND SPIRITUAL WELL-BEING IN THE OLD AGE

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality in the world, generating important socioeconomic and cultural impacts. Spirituality has been associated with the main risk factors for acute myocardial infarction, influencing lifestyle, and drug treatment compliance. Estimate the level of spiritual well-being and its association with coronary artery disease. We conducted a case-control study with 88 adults (42 cases and 46 controls) individually interviewed. Using a spiritual well-being scale and collecting socioeconomic and demographic information. We compared groups by Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Friedman's analysis of variance was used to evaluate the differences between the values assigned to the scale items in each group. Statistically, there was no significant difference between categories and levels of spiritual well-being in any of the groups. Both had high rates, driven by the high level of religious well-being. There was no difference between the rates attributed to the items on the subscale of religious well-being, in the case or control groups (p = 0.959 and p = 0.817). However, the existential well-being subscale revealed variability between the scores attributed to each item in both groups (p < 0.001). The results revealed a high level of spiritual well-being in the analyzed sample. There was no correlation between the levels of spiritual, religious, and existential well-being with coronary artery disease, possibly due to the reduced ability of the religious well-being subscale to discriminate between groups.

The impact of COVID-19 becoming more serious for most of the people as they are facing challenges in sustaining their financial and emotion stability. Muslims find it even more difficult due to the distractions to perform worship in the mosque during the previous period of Movement Control Order (MCO). The objectives of this study were (1) to examine the level of spiritual well-being and the level of depression, anxiety and stress among Muslims during previous MCO.; (2) To test the relationship between spiritual well-being and psychological distress among Muslim people during previous MCO. This was a non-experimental quantitative research involving 133 respondents of Muslim people who lived in Terengganu, Malaysia during previous MCO. A set of survey questions consisting of demographic information, the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) and the Clinical Scale for Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS-21) were used in this study. Mean descriptive statistics were used to see the level of spiritual well-being and depression, anxiety and stress of the respondents, and correlation analysis was employed to identify the relationship between spiritual well-being and psychological distress among respondents. The findings show that the level of spiritual well-being as well as depression, anxiety and stress among Muslims in Terengganu during previous MCO was at moderate level. There was a negative relationship between spiritual well-being and depression, anxiety and stress (r= -0.103, n=131, p<0.01). This indicates that Muslim people in Terengganu during previous MCO were not much affected from the psychological aspect nor spiritual well-being. However, indeed spiritual well-being play it roles in controlling the depression, anxiety and stress even though many constraints had to be faced such as the limitation of spiritual activities in the mosque and so on. It is recommended for future research to examine deeper through mixed methods including observation and interview, especially involving older respondents.

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being, quality of life and health protective behaviors in women with chronic disease. Methods: The sample of our descriptive and cross-sectional study consisted of 626 women with chronic diseases. Personal Information Form, SF-12 Quality of Life Scale, Spiritual Well-Being Scale and Health Protective Behavior Scale were used to collect data in the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0, G*Power 3.1. Results: In the research, it was determined that there is a moderate positive relationship between spiritual well-being, quality of life and health protective behaviors (p&amp;lt;0.000). It was determined that the spiritual well-being levels of women with chronic diseases were above the medium level, their quality of life was at a medium level and their health protection behaviors were below the medium level. Conclusion: In our study, as the spiritual well-being levels increased, quality of life and health protective behavior were found to increase. Determining the spiritual well-being and health-protective behavior levels of women with chronic diseases may facilitate the development of interventions aimed at improving patients' quality of life.

Terminally ill patients often experience demoralization, which negatively impacts their spiritual well-being. However, studies on the relationship between demoralization and levels of spiritual well-being in Taiwan are still at an early stage. Thus, more research is required to verify and support the correlation between demoralization and spirituality and to establish methods to care for and treat demoralization. The purposes of this study were to investigate the demoralization and spiritual-well-being status of terminally ill patients and to determine the value of demographic data, disease characteristics, demoralization in predicting spiritual well-being. A cross-sectional research design was used to evaluate terminally ill patients who were currently receiving hospice care at a teaching hospital in southern Taiwan. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that included a demographic datasheet and the Chinese demoralization and spiritual well-being scale. Pearson product-moment correlation and hierarchical multiple regression were performed to analyze the relationship between the target variables and spiritual well-being. Of the 82 participants surveyed, 81.7% had high levels of demoralization. The average spiritual well-being score for the participants was 31.7 (moderate). A significant and negative correlation was found between degree of demoralization and level of spiritual well-being (r = -.600, p < .01). Regression analysis showed that, after controlling for demographic characteristics, disease characteristics, and other variables, demoralization scores were shown to predict the spiritual-well-being score, explaining 12.7% of total variance (β = -.41, p < .001). In other words, higher demoralization was associated with lower spiritual well-being. Demoralization is a common problem in people with terminal illnesses and is an important factor affecting spiritual well-being in this patient population. In clinical practice, early assessment and identification of demoralization in patients as well as establishing relevant models of care for demoralization are necessary to help patients attain spiritual well-being at the end of life.

The stress of living with a terminal disease has a negative impact on the mental health of hemodialysis (HD) patients. Spirituality is a potential coping mechanism for stressful experiences. Studies on the relationship between spirituality and mental health among HD patients are scarce. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between mental health and spiritual well-being among HD patients. Cross-sectional observational study on hemodialysis patients at a single center in Brazil, between January and December 2011. Mental health was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire and spiritual wellbeing was assessed using the Spiritual Wellbeing Scale; 150 HD patients participated in the study. A significant correlation was found between mental health and spiritual wellbeing (P = 0.001). Spiritual wellbeing was the strongest predictor of mental health, psychological distress, sleep disturbance and psychosomatic complaints. Poor mental health was associated with lower spiritual wellbeing. This has important implications for delivery of palliative care to HD patients.

This study was conducted to determine the levels of hope and spiritual well-being among relatives of intensive care patients. The data were collected using the Patient Descriptive Information Form, Trait Hope Scale, and Spiritual Well-Being Scale. The mean total scores on the Trait Hope Scale and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale were 48.24 ± 8.37 and 104.99 ± 8.06, respectively. The mean scores on the Trait Hope Scale differed significantly according to the employment status, income status, and the reaction of the patient's relatives during the visit (p < 0.05). A significant difference was found between the mean scores of patient relatives on the Spiritual Well-Being Scale according to the level of education, income, and the intensive care unit where the patient was hospitalized (p < 0.05).A significant positive correlation was found between the Trait Hope Scale and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (p < 0.05). This study found that patient relatives had good hope and spiritual well-being levels, and spiritual well-being increased the level of hope among patient relatives.

Students' emotional and spiritual health suffer as a result of the strict regulations and daily routines of Islamic boarding schools. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors that influence the spiritual health and stress levels of boarding school students attending Islamic institutions in Surabaya. It was a cross-sectional study. A total of 214 female students from Surabaya's Islamic boarding school Amanatul Ummah were selected using stratified random sampling. Level of stress serves as the independent variable, while spiritual wellness serves as the dependent variable. the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). The Spearman test was employed for data analysis with a significance level of 0.05. Nearly all respondents (85.0%) reported considerable stress, and most reported a low level of spiritual well-being (50.9%), according to the research. There is a relationship between students' spiritual well-being and their stress levels, according to the Spearman test results (r=-0.300, p= 0.000). Students' spiritual well-being is negatively correlated with their stress levels; in other words, students' spiritual well-being is negatively impacted by students' stress levels. In order to boost the mental health of their students, Islamic boarding schools should provide recreational activities like group gymnastics.

Exploring parental stress and spiritual needs in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

While society often associates aging with despair, many older adults journey through the final stages of life with integrity, hope, and wisdom. Spirituality facilitates healthy aging by providing senior adults with a sense of meaning, purpose, and self-integration. Based on the existential and psychosocial paradigms, this study investigated the relationships between older adults' spiritual well-being, personality development according to Erikson's model, and level of depression. Participants included 78 senior adults ages 65-95 who were recruited from 4 senior centers, 1 church, 2 federally funded low-income independent living facilities, and 1 private independent living facility. The Geriatric Depression Scale, the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, and the Measure of Psychosocial Development Scale were used to examine the relationships between depression, spirituality, and psychosocial development. Results from the multiple correlation coefficients supported the following hypotheses: (1) it was predicted that significant positive relationships existed among aging adults' degree of resolution of generativity vs. stagnation and spiritual well-being, and degree of integrity vs. despair and spiritual well-being; (2) it was anticipated that the degree of resolution of integrity vs. despair was positively associated with high levels of religious and existential well-being; (3) a significant inverse relationship was predicted among depressive symptomatology and spiritual well-being. Results from the multiple regression analysis confirmed the hypothesis that spiritual well-being and personality development were predictive of depression; thus, older adults' level of spiritual well-being, specifically existential well-being, and their degree of resolution of the psychosocial crisis, integrity vs. despair, mitigated senior adults' depression level. Implications for prevention, treatment strategies, and future research were discussed.

The spiritual dimension of a patient's life is an important factor that may mediate detrimental impacts on mental health. The lack of research investigating spiritual well-being, religiosity, and mental health among Jordanian hemodialysis patients encouraged this research. This study explored levels of spiritual well-being and its associations with depression, anxiety, and stress. A quantitative, cross-sectional correlational study. A sample of 218 Jordanian Muslim hemodialysis patients completed a structured, self-administered questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear multivariate regression models. The hemodialysis patients had, on average, relatively low levels of spiritual well-being, moderate depression, severe anxiety, and mild to moderate stress. The results of the regression models indicated that aspects of spiritual well-being were negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress, but only existential well-being consistently retained significant associations after controlling for religious well-being, religiosity, and sociodemographic variables. Greater spiritual and existential well-being of Jordanian hemodialysis patients were significantly associated with less depression, anxiety, and stress. It appears that these patients use religious and spiritual beliefs and practices as coping mechanisms to overcome their depression, anxiety, and stress. The implications for holistic clinical practice are explored.

College students are an early adult age group that is vulnerable to psychological stress due to life transitions and academic demands. Spiritual well-being is believed to play an important role in supporting mental health, especially in an Islamic-based university environment that emphasizes the development of spiritual and moral values. However, the relationship between spiritual well-being and mental health of students, especially in the Health Study Program at Muhammadiyah University of Klaten has not been studied empirically. This study aims to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being and mental health in students of the Health Study Program at Muhammadiyah University of Klaten. This study used a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample was students of the Health Study Program at Universitas Muhammadiyah Klaten who were selected by stratified random sampling. The instruments used included the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) questionnaire to measure spiritual well-being and the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) to assess mental health. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the spearman rank statistical test. It was found that out of 161 respondents (100%) there were 3 students who had low spiritual well-being (1.9%), respondents who experienced moderate spiritual well-being were 46 students (28.6%), and respondents who had high spiritual well-being were 112 students (69.6%). Respondents who had a healthy mental health category were 100 students (62.1%) while those who had mental emotional disorders were 61 students (37.9%). The results of the spearman rank test analysis significant value (p) value 0.000 (α=0.05) with (r) 0.844. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between the level of spiritual well-being and mental health in health study program students.

One essential companion to the concept of spirituality is spiritual well-being (SWB). That is, although the degree and type of spirituality per se can no doubt play an important role in how well a person faces the dilemmas related to health issues, the degree to which a person perceives or derives a sense of wellbeing from that spirituality may be equally or more important. In this connection, SWB is an outcome indicator, or barometer, of how well a person is doing in the face of whatever the person is confronting. Therefore, although SWB is not synonymous with spirituality, it is closely related to it. Similarly, SWB is not synonymous with mental health or physical health, but is likely to be related to both of them. SWB connotes one’s subjective perception of well-being in both the religious and/or existential dimensions in accord with whatever is implicitly or explicitly conceived of as a spiritual umbrella for the individual. The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) was developed in order to be a tool for self-assessment of these aspects of general perceived well-being. Since its first publication in 1982, a large body of research has been done with the SWBS. An exhaustive review of all of this research is beyond the scope of this chapter. Here, we focus specifically and selectively on research related to healthcare. We highlight those studies using the SWBS that are related to mental health variables or to the mental and well-being issues that are consequences or correlates of physical health conditions. In order to maximize the usefulness of this chapter, it is necessary to first summarize the intellectual roots of the concept of SWB and what the SWBS does and does not measure, and secondly to explain the meaning and utility of its religious well-being (RWB) and existential well-being (EWB) subscales. We also summarize the literature with the SWBS as related to mental and physical health variables, note any strengths and weaknesses, research directions, and applications of the SWBS, and summarize implications of SWB research for healthy healthcare practice.

This study aimed to assess the spiritual care needs and spiritual well-being levels of lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy (CT). This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 110 patients in the outpatient CT unit of a university hospital. Data were collected using a personal information form, the "Three-Factor Spiritual Well-Being Scale" and the "Spiritual Care Needs Scale." The average age of participants was 62.6 ± 8.0years. Patients with a university or above education level, civil servants, self-employed individuals, those receiving only CT, and those with less than 5 CT cycles had significantly higher spiritual well-being scores (p < 0.05). Spiritual care needs scale scores were significantly higher for married individuals and those receiving only CT (p < 0.05). In conclusion, both spiritual well-being levels and spiritual care needs were observed to be high among lung cancer patients.

Introduction: Most of the elderly who have spouses have a high level of spiritual well-being, but some also have moderate and low levels of spiritual well-being. This is also experienced by the elderly who do not have a life partner, some have moderate and low levels of spiritual well-being, but some also have high levels of high spiritual well-being. Purpose: this study aims to determine the difference in the spiritual well-being of the elderly who have a spouse and without a spouse. Place of Research: Rejosari Health Center Working Area. Methods: This study used a quantitative design using a comparative study method. The approach used was cross sectional. Results: There is no difference in the level of spiritual well-being of the elderly who have a spouse and without a spouse (Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.228, 0.05). Conclusion: There is no difference in the level of spiritual well-being of the elderly who have spouses and those without spouses. Suggestion: Future researchers can examine the factors that affect the spiritual well-being of the elderly with or without a spouse.

Spiritual well-being and mental health in university students