The Relationship Between Mild Cognitive Impairment and Daily Living Activities in the Elderly at the Dewi Sartika Cokrobedog Community Health Post

Examining an older adult cohort to determine how different types of visual impairment affect independence in activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) is an important first step to better understand how to support older adults with specific types of visual dysfunction and enhance their functional abilities. To examine the relationship between distance visual acuity, near visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity and individual ADLs (dressing, toileting, bathing, eating) and IADLs (laundry, shopping, making hot meals, money management, self-management of medications) among community-dwelling older adults. A retrospective, cross-sectional design was used to analyze the relationship between visual function and independence in ADLs and IADLs. We retrieved data for 4,947 people included in the National Health and Aging Trends Study in 2022. We used a series of multivariable logistic regression analyses and estimated the relationship between visual function and independence in specific ADLs and IADLs. Near visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were statistically associated with specific ADLs and IADLs. Distance visual acuity was significantly associated with specific IADLs but was not significantly associated with any ADLs. Certain visual impairments were associated with specific ADLs and IADLs and therefore should be considered in the care of community-dwelling older adults. Plain-Language Summary: Normal aging can cause vision to decline. Visual impairment and blindness are expected to nearly double by 2050. Vision is a key component of independence for specific activities of daily living (ADLs; such as dressing, toileting, bathing, eating) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs; such as laundry, shopping, making hot meals, money management, self-management of medications). This study examined the relationship between visual impairments and individual ADLs and IADLs among community-dwelling older adults. The study found that certain visual impairments were associated with specific ADLs and IADLs and therefore should be considered in the care of community-dwelling older adults. This study also provides evidence that specific visual impairments are closely linked to older adults' ability to perform ADLs and IADLs. The findings confirm the importance of addressing visual function in occupational therapy practice to support the independence of community-dwelling older adults.

Characterization of Activities of Daily Living in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment

The assessment of daily living activities could provide information about daily functions and participation restrictions to develop intervention strategies. The purposes of this study were to assess the scores of the Barthel Index (BI) and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale in older adults with cognitive impairment and to explore the different effects that levels of cognitive functions have on changes in IADL functions. We recruited 31 participants with dementia, 36 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 35 normal controls (NCs) from the neurology outpatient department of a regional hospital. The results of the demographic and clinical characteristics through the Lawton IADL scale, BI, Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment (Qmci) screen, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), were collected on the same day and compared with the Kruskal–Wallis test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Fisher’s exact test, and a multiple linear regression analysis, as appropriate. In the BI, bathing was the most discriminating activity to differentiate patients with MCI and dementia; in the Lawton IADL scale, medication responsibility and shopping were the most discriminating activities to differentiate NCs and patients with MCI, and patients with MCI and dementia, respectively. In addition, the predictors of changes in Lawton IADL scale scores were the problem-solving score of the Clinical Dementia Rating scale, a Qmci score of > 20.4 and an age of ≤ 81.2 years, a MoCA score of < 9.4 and an age of > 81.2 years, and the MMSE score and an age of > 81.2 years. This study adds to the evidence that the description of basic and instrumental daily activities is integrated in older adults with cognitive impairment. Notably, the Qmci is the most significant predictor of changes in IADL function for “young” older adults, as are the MoCA and MMSE for “old” older adults.

Background: Older individuals with cancer history have lower risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cognitive impairment is associated with lower functioning in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) and Activities of Daily Living (ADL). However, little is known about long-term IADL and ADL trajectories among individuals with cancer, hindering understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms between cancer and AD. We investigated the long-term functional disability trajectories of adults with cancer, comparing them with similarly aged individuals without a cancer diagnosis. Methods: Our study included 16,006 individuals aged 50 and older without a cancer history at baseline from the Health and Retirement Study. Biennial assessments were conducted from 1998 to 2020, including self-reported cancer status, IADL, and ADL. Linear probability models with repeated measures were used to assess IADL and ADL independence probabilities, adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic covariates. Results: Among 16,006 participants (mean [SD] baseline age, 66.1 [9.9] years; 9,169 [57.3%] female), 3,723 (23.3%) reported a cancer diagnosis during follow-up. Before cancer diagnosis, individuals who later developed cancer had a higher probability of IADL independence and experienced a slower decline in independence compared to their similarly aged counterparts who remained cancer-free. Probability of IADL independence was 0.05 lower immediately after cancer diagnosis compared to the pre-cancer phase, followed by accelerated independence losses relative to the pre-cancer period. After diagnosis, the rate of decline in probability of IADL independence remained slower for individuals with cancer than their cancer-free counterparts, but differences in the rate of decline were smaller than prior to cancer diagnosis. Similar trends were observed for ADL independence. Conclusions: We observed a decline in both IADL and ADL independence around the time of cancer diagnosis, possibly attributed to treatments. Overall, individuals with cancer experienced a more gradual loss in functional independence compared to individuals who remained cancer-free, consistent with the documented inverse association between cancer and AD. Funding information: The current research was supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (T32CA009142), T32 Training Grants from the NCI/NIH, and the National Institute on Aging (RF1AG059872). Citation Format: Gina E. Nam, Elizabeth Rose Mayeda, Zuo-Feng Zhang. Long-term trajectories of functional disability in older adults with cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2228.

To the Editor: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is one of the genes with a huge impact on longevity and successful aging. The APOE polymorphism has been associated with lipid or cognitive disorders, which may result in cardiovascular disease or Alzheimer’s disease.1 In older adults, stroke and cognitive impairment are all risk factors for physical disability. Thus more researches have been conducted to examine whether the APOE genotype is independently associated with physical limitations in the older population. While these studies 2–5 do improve our knowledge on the relationship between APOE gene and physical function in older adults, no attention has been paid to investigating the role of this gene in the development of functional decline at different stages. The progressive decline of physical function in older adults usually begins with the limitation of mobility function, continues to deteriorate into difficulty in coping with complex household works, and finally results in inability to complete self-care tasks.6 We conducted a prospective nested case-control study of genetic variation in the APOE gene and risk of deterioration in physical functioning in Taiwan, with a particular interest in the transitions of mobility, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) decline. Samples were from 924 study participants of the Social Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study (SEBAS) in 2000.7 SEBAS included an in-home interview and a physical examination at the hospital. The in-home interview collected information on self-reports of physical limitations, demographic and social variables, and cognitive measures. Mobility includes 9 tasks involving general mobility function of upper and lower extremities. IADL covers six tasks involving living environment. ADL incorporates six personal care tasks. Mobility decline was defined as having no difficulty in all 21 tasks in 2000 but experiencing difficulty in at least one of the 9 mobility tasks in 2003. IADL decline was defined as having difficulty in at least one mobility task but no difficulty in all ADL and IADL tasks in 2000, but experiencing difficulty in at least one mobility and one IADL task but no difficulty in all ADL tasks in 2003. ADL decline was defined as having difficulty in at least one mobility and one IADL task but no difficulty in all ADL tasks in 2000, and experiencing difficulty in at least one mobility, one IADL, and one ADL task in 2003. The APOE genotyping was conducted using DNA extract obtained from whole blood. During the three years of follow-up, there were 91, 79, and 35 participants identified as having mobility, IADL, and ADL decline, respectively. For each subject with mobility, IADL, or ADL decline, one control subject without the specific decline was matched for age and sex. For example, one subject with only mobility difficulty in both the 2000 and the 2003 interviews was age- and sex- matched to the subject with IADL decline. Odds ratios (ORs) for subjects carrying e2 or e4 allele were estimated using conditional logistic regression adjusting for risk factors relevant to functional decline,8,9 including body mass index (BMI), heart disease, stroke, arthritis, cognitive impairment, and physical activity. Updated information of these covariates obtained from the 2003 interview was used in the adjusted models. Because physical function of cases at baseline had not deteriorated, the prevalence of disability-related diseases and factors including BMI, cognitive impairment, and physical activity was similar and tested without statistically significant differences between cases and controls. The distribution of all sixAPOE genotypes (e2/e2, e2/e3, e2/e4, e3/e3, e3/e4, and e4/e4) and frequencies of the three APOE alleles (e2, e3, and e4) were statistically insignificant between cases with controls for all three groups. Table 1 shows the risks of developing mobility, IADL, or ADL limitations for older adults with the e2 or e4 allele. The presence of APOEe2 or e4 allele was not related to the declines of physical functioning. Table 1 Associations between APOE alleles and risk of mobility, IADL, or ADL decline This lack of association is in agreement with findings from three similar studies using ADL tasks, 3 a mobility task only, 10 or a combination of mobility, IADL, and ADL as the measures of physical limitations. 4 The e4 allele has been linked with decreased longevity through developing cognitive impairment and cardiovascular disease, whereas the e2 allele increases longevity and promotes successful aging. 1 Although APOE plays an important role in aging process, both e2 and e4 alleles, based on our study results, do not have a direct link with the decline of physical function at different stages. It is possible that APOE may affect physical function indirectly through cognitive impairment and cardiovascular disease, and the association disappears when cardiovascular disease and cognitive function are all considered.

Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Mediates the Relationship Between Cognition, Sleep, and Daily Autonomy in Mild Cognitive Impairment

ABSTRACTObjective: The objectives were twofold—first, to evaluate the functional difference among normal cognitive elderly, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and people with dementia; and second, to investigate the relationship between cognitive performance and functional abilities. Method: The Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD) was administered to 90 participants: 20 normal controls (NC), 20 with MCI, 25 with mild dementia, 15 with moderate dementia and 10 with severe dementia patients. Results: The mean (SD) scores on instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were 94.8 (6.4) for NC, 89.1 (9.9) for MCI, 33.6 (21.7) for mild dementia, 13 (12.2) for moderate dementia and 1.7 (4.2) for severe dementia. MCI participants presented slightly noticeable deficit in one IADL domain: ‘finance and correspondence’, whereas mild dementia presented deficit in all six IADL domains. Scores of basic activities of daily living (BADL) of the NC and MCI groups were equal at a perfect 100. The scores were slightly reduced in mild dementia patients (92.7 [12.3]) and were decreased in moderate (68.6 [26.4]) and severe dementia participants (10 [14.4]). Conclusions: Our studies demonstrated that IADL can be subtly impaired in people with MCI, but markedly impaired in those with mild dementia. BADL begin to decline in moderate dementia and then reach a level of severe impairment in severe dementia.

ObjectiveImpaired Activities of Daily Living (ADL) can have a negative impact on the psychological well-being of older adults. This study categorises ADL into Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). By utilising nationally representative cross-sectional data, we explore the association between ADL and BADL limitations and depressive symptoms among the elderly population in China. In addition, this study explored the relationships between BADL, IADL and depression risk in elderly people at the individual and provincial levels and in rural and urban subgroups.MethodsThe China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS) survey used a multistage probability‒proportional‒to-size (PPS) sampling technique. Province-level socioeconomic characteristics were merged with microdata for respondents over 60 years of age from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2020) Wave 5 (n = 10,036) by the author. The respondents were asked whether their BADL and IADL were limited. The risk of depression was assessed using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 10). The chi-squared test was used to explore whether having a disability that limits BADL and IADL was associated with mental health status. A binary logistic regression model was used to evaluate this association further after controlling for confounding factors.ResultsOverall, 27.5% (2759/10036) and 25.7% (2776/10036) of the participants over 60 years of age were limited in their BADL and IADL, respectively. Regression analyses revealed that older adults whose BADL were not limited (OR = 1.942, 95% CI: 1.638–2.303, P <.001) and whose IADL were not limited (OR = 1.775, 95% CI: 1.485–2.122, P <.001) had a lower risk of depression than older adults whose BADL and IADL were limited. In addition, older adults who were female (P <.001), were 60–69 years (P <.005), had a partner (P <.001), were literate (P <.001), lived in a rural area (P <.001), had a retirement pension (P <.001), had three or more children (P <.001), did not have any chronic diseases (P <.001), had a fair SRH score (P <.001), drank alcohol (P <.001), exercised (P <.005), did not participate in social activities (P <.001), or had an above average per capita household consumption (P <.001) lived in provinces with the first quartile of GDP per capita (P <.001) and lived in provinces with the second quartile of the number of beds in medical institutions per 10,000 persons (P <.001) were more likely to experience depressive symptoms, while smoking had no effect. In a binary logistic regression, older adults who were single (OR = 0.669, 95% CI = 0.551, 0.812), illiterate (OR = 0.646, 95% CI = 0.504, 0.828), living in rural areas (OR = 1.485, 95% CI = 1.270, 1.735), without retirement pensions (OR = 0.671, 95% CI = 0.582, 0.819) and with very bad SRH scores (OR = 0.411, 95% CI = 0.311, 0.544) had a greater risk of depressive symptoms. In the binary logistic regression analysis of the urban and rural subgroups separately, the results indicated that old people whose BADL or IADL were not limited were associated with a risk of depression, especially rural (P <.001) and urban (P <.001) participants.ConclusionsThe present study provides evidence of an association between BADL, IADL and depression in older Chinese adults. This study revealed that individuals with limited BADL and limited IADL were predominantly depressed older adults. Binary logistic regression models suggested that disabilities limiting BADL and IADL were more likely to be associated with depressive symptoms in rural Chinese older adults. Findings underscore the need for targeted rural interventions (e.g., subsidised mobility aids and caregiver training) to mitigate depression risk.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-025-03223-9.

Declines in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) performances due to cognitive impairments hinder mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients' independent and safe daily lives. In order to prevent and treat this, several cognitive interventions have been implemented, but their ecological validity was not ensured due to that their contents are far from real life. Virtual reality (VR) can resemble real life with immersive stimuli, but there have been few studies confirming its ecological effects on ADL and IADL. Therefore, this study conducted a meta-analysis of VR-based cognitive training to investigate its ecological effects on ADL and IADL in MCI and AD patients. From February 2012 to February 2022, a search was conducted for articles published in PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, and Web of Science. Quality assessment was assessed by the PEDro scale, and the Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess risk of bias. Publication bias was assessed by Egger's regression. Five studies that met inclusion criteria were included in this study. The VR-based cognitive training showed significant effects on ADL and IADL in both MCI and AD patients. When comparing effects in each group, both MCI and AD patients showed significant effects on ADL and IADL, but MCI patients showed lower effects on ADL and IADL than AD patients. The results indicated that VR-based cognitive training would be beneficial to improve ADL and IADL in MCI and AD patients, suggesting that VR-based cognitive training is ecologically valid.

Older adults (OAs) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are traditionally thought to have preservation of activities of daily living (ADLs). However, recent evidence suggests OAs with MCI may have difficulty completing ADLs and specifically instrumental ADLs (IADLs). The ADLs are frequently evaluated through self- or collateral report questionnaires, while performance-based measures are infrequently utilized, despite the decreased bias and increased accuracy and sensitivity associated with these instruments. This investigation compared ADLs between community-dwelling OAs with (n = 20) and without MCI (n = 30) using a self-report questionnaire (Older American Resources and Services Activities of Daily Living Scale; OARS), a collateral report questionnaire (OARS), and a performance-based measure (the Direct Assessment of Functional Status-Revised). Consistent with our hypothesis, OAs with MCI had decreased ADLs and IADLs on the performance-based measure compared to cognitively intact OAs, while there were no differences in ADLs or IADLs on self-report questionnaires or collateral report questionnaires. Our results suggest OAs with MCI have decreased ability to complete IADLs. However, this investigation suggests these deficits may not be detected by questionnaires and are more likely to be found with performance-based testing.

Background: Recently, no standard criteria exist with regard the specific or theoretical definition of minimal functional limitation in people with MCI.Aim: To Correlate mild cognitive impairment and functional status among elderly.Methods: A cross sectional study conducted on 225 participants at nursing homes in Egypt. A comprehensive geriatric assessment including medical history and physical examination was carried out for each participant. Cognitive functions were evaluated using both the Arabic translation of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Arabic version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test (MoCA). Taking in account educational level, where diagnoses of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) if MMSE≤17 for illiterates; MMSE ≤20 for primary school graduates (≥6 years of education), MMSE≤24 for junior school graduates or above (≥9 years of education) and MoCA with Score less than or equal 24 indicates MCI in illiterate, Functional assessment was done by the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale, and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale.Results: This study indicates that there is no significant difference between those with MCI and those with normal cognitive function in ADL and IADL.Conclusions: MCI is frequent in older people. Our study suggests that there is no significant difference between those with MCI and those with normal cognitive function in ADL and IADL. Further studies are needed to determine the correlation between MCI and function status.

BackgroundStudies have examined functional disability among older adults by combining Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). This study adds another dimension to ADL and IADL by combining various impairments such as hearing, vision, walking, chewing, speaking, and memory loss among older adults. This study examines functional disability among older adults in India as measured by ADL, IADL, along with various impairments.MethodsThis study utilized data from Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India (BKPAI), a national-level survey and conducted across seven states of India. The study utilized three outcome variables, namely, ADL, IADL, and Impairments. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were used along with multivariate analysis to fulfil the objectives of the study. The concentration index was calculated for ADL, IADL, and impairments, and further, decomposition analysis was carried out for IADL.ResultsThe results observed that nearly 7.5% of older adults were not fully independent for ADL. More than half (56.8%) were not fully independent for IADL, and nearly three-fourths (72.6%) reported impairments. Overall, ADL, IADL, and impairments were higher among older adult’s aged 80+ years, older adults with poor self-rated health, and those suffering from chronic diseases. The likelihood of ADL (AOR = 6.42, 95% CI: 5.1–8.08), IADL (AOR = 5.08, 95% CI: 4.16–6.21), and impairment (AOR = 3.50, 95% CI: 2.73–4.48) were significantly higher among older adults aged 80+ years compared to 60–69 years. Furthermore, older adults who had poor self-rated health and suffered from chronic diseases were more likely to report ADL (AOR = 2.95, 95% CI: 2.37–3.67 and AOR = 2.70, 95% CI: 2.13–3.43), IADL (AOR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.57–1.92 and AOR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04–1.15), and impairment (AOR = 2.36, 95% CI: 2.11–2.63 and AOR = 2.95, 95% CI: 2.65–3.30), respectively compared to their counterparts. Educational status and wealth explained most of the socio-economic inequality in the prevalence of IADL among older adults.ConclusionIt is recommended that the government advise older adults to adopt health-promoting approaches, which may be helpful. Further, there is a pressing need to deliver quality care to older adults suffering from chronic conditions.

BackgroundThe increase in cases of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) underlines the urgency of finding effective methods to slow its progression. Given the limited effectiveness of current pharmacological options to prevent or treat the early stages of this deterioration, non-pharmacological alternatives are especially relevant.ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of a cognitive-motor intervention based on immersive virtual reality (VR) that simulates an activity of daily living (ADL) on cognitive functions and its impact on depression and the ability to perform such activities in patients with MCI.MethodsThirty-four older adults (men, women) with MCI were randomized to the experimental group (n = 17; 75.41 ± 5.76) or control (n = 17; 77.35 ± 6.75) group. Both groups received motor training, through aerobic, balance and resistance activities in group. Subsequently, the experimental group received cognitive training based on VR, while the control group received traditional cognitive training. Cognitive functions, depression, and the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) were assessed using the Spanish versions of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-S), the Short Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS-S), and the of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL-S) before and after 6-week intervention (a total of twelve 40-minutes sessions).ResultsBetween groups comparison did not reveal significant differences in either cognitive function or geriatric depression. The intragroup effect of cognitive function and geriatric depression was significant in both groups (p < 0.001), with large effect sizes. There was no statistically significant improvement in any of the groups when evaluating their performance in ADLs (control, p = 0.28; experimental, p = 0.46) as expected. The completion rate in the experimental group was higher (82.35%) compared to the control group (70.59%). Likewise, participants in the experimental group reached a higher level of difficulty in the application and needed less time to complete the task at each level.ConclusionsThe application of a dual intervention, through motor training prior to a cognitive task based on Immersive VR was shown to be a beneficial non-pharmacological strategy to improve cognitive functions and reduce depression in patients with MCI. Similarly, the control group benefited from such dual intervention with statistically significant improvements.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT06313931; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06313931.

Although functional independence is a health priority for patients with advanced CKD, 50% of those who progress to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) develop difficulties carrying-out essential day-to-day activities. Functional independence is not routinely assessed at kidney transplant (KT) evaluation; therefore, it is unclear what percentage of candidates are functionally independent and whether independence is associated with access to KT and waitlist mortality. We studied a prospective cohort of 3,168 ESKD participants (1/2009-6/2018) who self-reported functional independence in basic Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and more complex Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). We estimated adjusted associations between functional independence (separately) and listing (Cox), waitlist mortality (competing risks), and transplant rates (Poisson). At evaluation, 92.4% were independent in ADLs, but only 68.5% were independent in IADLs. Functionally independent participants had a higher chance of listing for KT (ADL:aHR=1.55,95%CI:1.30-1.87; IADL:aHR=1.39,95%CI 1.26-1.52). Among KT candidates, ADL independence was associated with lower waitlist mortality risk (SHR=0.66,95%CI:0.44-0.98) and higher rate of KT (IRR=1.58,95%CI:1.12-2.22); the same was not observed for IADL independence (SHR=0.86,95%CI:0.65-1.12; IRR=1.01,95%CI:0.97-1.19). ADL independence was associated with better KT access and lower waitlist mortality; clinicians should screen KT candidates for ADL independence, and identify interventions to maintain independence to improve waitlist outcomes.

ObjectivePrevious research shows that depression and personality are independently associated with self- and informant-reports of the ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). However, less is known about the association between depression and personality and performance-based measures of IADLs. We aimed to determine how depression and personality predict self-and informant-reports of IADL compared to performance-based measures of IADLs in a sample of older adults with normal cognition (NC) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).MethodsParticipants consisted of 385 older adults with NC (n = 235), or a diagnosis of MCI (n = 150), aged between 76 and 99-years from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study. Participants underwent comprehensive neuropsychological and clinical assessments to determine global cognition and clinical diagnoses. Personality traits were measured by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and depression by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Subjective IADLs were self- and informant-reported Bayer Activities of Daily Living (B-ADL) scales and objective IADL was the Sydney Test of Activities of Daily Living in Memory Disorders (STAM). Linear regressions examined the relationship between depression and personality and the three types of IADL measures, controlling for all covariates and global cognition.ResultsParticipant-reported IADL, although associated with global cognition, was more strongly associated with GDS and NEO-FFI scores (conscientiousness and neuroticism). Informant-reported IADL was strongly associated with both global cognition and participants’ GDS scores. STAM scores were not associated with participants’ GDS or NEO-FFI scores; instead, they were predicted by demographics and global cognition.ConclusionThese results suggest that performance-based measures of IADL may provide more objective and reliable insight into an individual’s underlying functional ability and are less impacted by the participants’ mood and personality compared to subjectively reported IADL. We argue that performance-based IADL measures are preferable when trying to accurately assess everyday functional ability and its relationship to cognitive status. Where performance-based measures are not available (e.g., in some clinical settings), informant ratings should be sought as they are less influenced by the participant’s personality and mood compared to self-reports.