The Relationship between Jaundice and Weight Loss after Birth in Neonates Referring to the KOSAR Hospital, Qazvin-Iran

Influence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Endothelial Function in Obese Patients: Response

The effect of modifying dietary protein and carbohydrate in weight loss on arterial compliance and postprandial lipidemia in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Experience and Reason| April 01 1997 Kernicteric Findings at Autopsy in Two Sick Near Term Infants Jeffrey M. Perlman, MB; Jeffrey M. Perlman, MB Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Beverly Barton Rogers, MD; Beverly Barton Rogers, MD Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Dennis Burns, MD Dennis Burns, MD Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Address correspondence to: Jeffrey M. Perlman, MB, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235–9063. Pediatrics (1997) 99 (4): 612–615. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.99.4.612 Article history Received: June 10 1996 Accepted: October 15 1996 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Jeffrey M. Perlman, Beverly Barton Rogers, Dennis Burns; Kernicteric Findings at Autopsy in Two Sick Near Term Infants. Pediatrics April 1997; 99 (4): 612–615. 10.1542/peds.99.4.612 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All PublicationsAll JournalsPediatricsHospital PediatricsPediatrics In ReviewNeoReviewsAAP Grand RoundsAAP NewsAll AAP Sites Search Advanced Search Topics: autopsy, bilirubin, kernicterus, serum bilirubin level, neurons, hemolysis, neurotoxicity syndromes, albumins, blood-brain barrier, brain We present two near term sick infants with unanticipated kernicterus noted at autopsy, which developed in the absence of hemolysis and at serum bilirubin levels that would not have been considered neurotoxic. The kernicterus evolved in the context of known experimental conditions that would have favored the passage of unbound bilirubin across a disrupted blood brain barrier with injury of specific neurons. The relationship between serum bilirubin concentrations and the development of kernicterus in the term infant is complex. While a distinct link between the maximum recorded level of serum bilirubin and the occurrence of kernicterus is apparent with hemolytic disease of the newborn (most often due to Rh isoimmunization), the risk is less clear in markedly jaundiced babies without hemolytic disease.1-6 Moreover, in some instances, clinical and pathologic kernicterus has been observed in premature infants without hemolytic disease and with low bilirubin levels.7 8 The management of... You do not currently have access to this content.

Hyperbilirubin is caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood >10mg/dl, characterized by jaundice of the skin, sclera and other organs. Complications of hyperbilirubin in babies can cause brain damage, cerebral palsy, deafness, and eyes that cannot be moved upwards. Based on data from the Perinatology room at Mohammad Natsir Hospital, Solok City, in 2022-2023, the incidence of neonatal jaundice was 58 cases. The aim of this research is to improve skills in carrying out nursing care actions, compiling work process results reports and communicating and documenting nursing care. The research method used is descriptive with a single case study design. This research was carried out on March 18 - March 22 2024 with 1 baby diagnosed with Neonatal Jaundice in the Perinatology room at Mohammad Natsir Hospital, Solok City in 2024. Data collection instruments were, neonate assessment format, physical examination tools. Data collection methods are interviews, observation, physical examination and direct measurement. The results of the study were obtained by By. D was yellow from head to toe, blood bilirubin level was 12.61 mg/dl, weak sucking reflex and body weight <2,500 kg. The nursing diagnoses obtained were, neonatal jaundice, risk of impaired skin/tissue integrity, and hypothermia. Nursing interventions that can be carried out, neonatal phototherapy, skin integrity care, hypothermia management. After implementation for 5 days of treatment, the results of the neonate's adaptation improved, skin and tissue integrity increased, and thermoregulation improved. The results of this study suggest the need for increased intervention for infants with neonatal jaundice to achieve optimal results, such as giving baby field massage side by side with the provision of phototherapy in order to reduce the occurrence of increased bilirubin levels.

BackgroundSince 2020, longer stay-at-home time in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the weight-related behaviors of Chinese population.ObjectivesTo explore the demographic and basic characteristics of body fat scale users and to investigate the changes in obesity-related body composition of overweight and obese users during COVID-19. Further, we analyzed the factors associated with successful weight loss and improved body composition changes in overweight and obese people.MethodsThe study included 107,419 Chinese adults registered in the smart app connecting to the body fat scale in 2020 to describe the demographic characteristics of body fat scale users by Unpaired Student’s t-test and Chi-Square test. Subsequently, overweight and obese participants with body mass index (BMI) of more than 24 kg/m2 were screened to investigate the independent factors associated with effective weight loss and improved body composition changes by multivariable logistic regression analyses.ResultsDuring the pandemic, the number of body fat scale users increased markedly compared with pre-pandemic. Over half of the participants were women and with normal baseline BMI. Based on BMI classification, multivariable logistic regressions showed that age, gender, measurement frequency classification, baseline BMI, visceral adipose index and skeletal muscle rate were associated with weight loss and fat loss in the overweight and obese population, with the high-frequency measurement being the most important factor for effective weight and fat loss. In the population with normal BMI obesity, younger age was the most significant factor for effective fat loss.ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, participation in self-monitored weight loss increased markedly compared with pre-pandemic, and women accounted for the majority. We found that many overweight and obese participants achieved weight loss goals by smart body fat scales, and the effectiveness of weight and fat loss was greater in obese participants than in overweight participants, both based on BMI and PBF classification. In addition, promoting the usage of smart body fat scales could contribute to more effective weight and fat loss in the overweight and obese population based on BMI classification. However, in the population with normal BMI obesity, young subjects might be easier to successfully lose fat compared with the elder. Digital self-management by smart body fat scales could become a promising approach for the obese population with high BMI to lose weight and keep healthy.

Overweight is an increasingly prevalent condition throughout the world. Current estimates, which are probably conservative, indicate that at least 500 000 000 people worldwide are overweight as defined by a body mass index (BMI) of between 25.0 and 29.9 and an additional 250 000 000 are obese with a BMI of 30.0 or higher.1 In the United States, recent data indicate that as much as 66% of the adult population is overweight or obese.2 Overweight and obesity are established risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, noninsulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM), certain cancers, and numerous other disorders.3,4,5,6,7 It is also a risk factor for hypertension.8 Hypertension, defined as a systolic blood pressure in excess of 140 mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure higher than 90 mm Hg, is also a globally increasing public health concern. Roughly 1 billion individuals worldwide are estimated to exhibit clinically significant elevated blood pressure with about 50 million of those residing in the United States.8 Hypertension, in turn, is associated with increased risk for CVD, stroke, renal disease, and all-cause mortality.9,10,11,12 The JNC VII report defines Stage 1 hypertension as blood pressure levels between 140 and 159 mm Hg systolic and 90 and 99 diastolic. Additionally, the report establishes a category of Prehypertension (Systolic blood pressure between 120 and 140 mm Hg or diastolic between 80 and 89 mm Hg). These 2 blood pressure classifications are deemed to be appropriate primary targets for lifestyle modification interventions, including weight loss. Higher levels of blood pressure, or stage 1 hypertension that is maintained over a long period, should be addressed primarily with medications or other physician directed treatments. There is a positive relationship between overweight or obesity and blood pressure and risk for hypertension. As early as the 1920s, a significant …

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of breast-feeding promotion on the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia, on peak bilirubin level and on mean days of hospitalization. Study Design: The study population consisted of 1273 healthy full-term newborns born before and after the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative Program was launched in July 2000. The relationship between breast-feeding and the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia (bilirubin level ＞12.9 mg/dL), body weight (BW) loss ratio, mean hospital days, bilirubin level on the third or fourth day, peak bilirubin level and mean days of phototherapy were analyzed. Results: The rate of breast-feeding during hospitalization was increased from 92.18% to 97.15% after implementation of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative Program. The incidence of hyperbilirubinemia among newborns born after the Program also increased from 10.88% to 23.77%. There was a significant association between monthly rates of breast-feeding and the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia, BW loss ratio, the bilirubin level on the third or fourth day, the peak bilirubin level, the mean hospital days, the mean days of phototherapy, as well as the frequencies of urination and defecation. Maximum BW loss day after birth, BW loss ratio and breast-feeding were the most significant factors related to hyperbilirubinemia. Conclusions: After the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative Program was launched, the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia increased. This result may be due to increased weight loss caused by improper breast-feeding. Increased weight loss and breast-feeding were found to be associated with an increase in the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia, the bilirubin level on the third or fourth day, the mean days of hospitalization and phototherapy. Although breast-feeding remains the single best choice for infants and parents, jaundice and prolonged hospitalization related to improper breast-feeding should be kept in mind by medical personnel.

Feline obesity is a common and preventable disease, posing a myriad of health risks and detriments. Specially formulated diets and restricted feeding may serve as an intervention strategy to promote weight loss and improve feline health. In this study, our objective was to determine the effects of restricted feeding and weight loss on body composition, voluntary physical activity, blood hormones and metabolites, and fecal microbiota of overweight cats. Twenty-two overweight adult spayed female and neutered male cats [body weight (BW) = 5.70 ± 1.0 kg; body condition score (BCS) = 7.68 ± 0.6; age = 4 ± 0.4 yr] were used in a weight loss study. A control diet (OR) was fed during a 4-wk baseline to identify intake needed to maintain BW. After baseline (week 0), cats were allotted to OR or a test diet (FT) and fed to lose ~1.0% BW/wk for 24 wk. At baseline and 6, 12, 18, and 24 wk after weight loss, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans were performed and blood samples were collected. Voluntary physical activity was measured at weeks 0, 8, 16, and 24. Fecal samples were collected at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24. Change from baseline data were analyzed statistically using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS, with P < 0.05 considered significant. Restricted feeding of both diets led to weight and fat mass loss, lower BCS, and lower blood triglyceride and leptin concentrations. Cats fed the FT diet had a greater reduction in blood triglycerides and cholesterol than cats fed the OR diet. Restricted feeding and weight loss reduced fecal short-chain fatty acid, branched-chain fatty acid, phenol, and indole concentrations. Fecal valerate concentrations were affected by diet, with cats fed the OR diet having a greater reduction than those fed the FT diet. Fecal bacterial alpha diversity was not affected, but fecal bacterial beta diversity analysis showed clustering by diet. Restricted feeding and weight loss affected relative abundances of 7 fecal bacterial genera, while dietary intervention affected change from baseline relative abundances of 2 fecal bacterial phyla and 20 fecal bacterial genera. Our data demonstrate that restricted feeding promoted controlled and safe weight and fat loss, reduced blood lipids and leptin concentrations, and shifted fecal metabolites and microbiota. Some changes were also impacted by diet, highlighting the importance of ingredient and nutrient composition in weight loss diets.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the development of significant hyperbilirubinemia in a large unselected newborn population in a metropolitan area with particular attention to the relationship between type of feeding and incidence of neonatal jaundice in the first week of life. A population of 2174 infants with gestational age >/=37 weeks was prospectively investigated during the first days of life. Total serum bilirubin determinations were performed on infants with jaundice. The following variables were studied: type of feeding, method of delivery, weight loss after birth in relationship to the type of feeding, and maternal and neonatal risk factors for jaundice. Statistical analyses were performed using the z test for parametric variables and the t test for nonparametric variables. In addition, the multiple logistic regression allows for the estimation of the role of the individual characteristics in the development of hyperbilirubinemia. Data concerning serum bilirubin peak distribution in jaundiced newborns were analyzed using a single and a double Gaussian best fit at least squares. The t test was performed to compare 2 values (high and low) of the serum bilirubin peak in breastfed and supplementary-fed infants with those in bottle-fed infants. The maximal serum bilirubin concentration exceeded 12.9 mg/dL (221 micromol/L) in 112 infants (5.1%). The study demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation between patients with a total serum bilirubin concentration >12.9 mg/dL (221 micromol/L) and supplementary feeding; oppositely, breastfed neonates did not present a higher frequency of significant hyperbilirubinemia in the first days of life. However, best Gaussian fitting of our data suggests that a small subpopulation of breastfed infants have a higher serum bilirubin peak than do bottle-fed infants. Newborns with significant hyperbilirubinemia underwent a greater weight loss after birth compared with the overall studied population, and infants given mixed feeding lost more weight than breastfed and formula-fed newborns, indicating that formula has been administered in neonates who had a weight loss beyond a predetermined percentage of birth weight. Significant hyperbilirubinemia was also strongly associated with delivery by vacuum extractor, some perinatal complications (cephalohematoma, positive Coombs' test, and blood group systems of A, AB, B, and O [ABO] incompatibility) and Asian origin. Multiple logistic regression analysis shows that supplementary feeding, weight loss percentage, ABO incompatibility, and vacuum extraction significantly increase the risk of jaundice, while only cesarean section decreases the risk. The present study confirms the important role of fasting in the pathogenesis of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, although breastfeeding per se does not seem related to the increased frequency of neonatal jaundice but to the higher bilirubin level in a very small subpopulation of infants with jaundice. In fact, in the breastfed infants, there is a small subpopulation with higher serum bilirubin levels. These infants, when starved and/or dehydrated, could probably be at high risk of bilirubin encephalopathy.

This nonconcurrent cohort study was carried out to evaluate the association of neonatal jaundice with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency and its interactions with other risk factors. The G-6-PD enzyme activity of 12,379 neonates was screened by a semi-quantitative fluorometric assay and double-checked by a quantitative method to identify a G-6-PD deficient cohort of 333 neonates. Matched with these on birth date, sex and delivery hospital were a G-6-PD normal cohort of 653 neonates. Neonatal jaundice was defined by a peak serum bilirubin (PSB) level of > or = 15 mg/dl. A significant association between G-6-PD deficiency and neonatal jaundice was observed in male but not female neonates. There was an inverse dose-response relation between G-6-PD activity and neonatal jaundice among male neonates. Both hypoxia/asphyxia and maternal hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier status were associated with an increased risk of neonatal jaundice among G-6-PD deficient but not G-6-PD normal male neonates. Based on multiple regression analyses, an additively synergistic effect on PSB level and severe jaundice (PSB > or = 20 mg/dl) was observed for G-6-PD deficiency and maternal HBsAg carrier status.

Traditional weight loss and dukan diets as to nutritional and laboratory results

The concept of a relationship between severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus evolved slowly. Jaundice was recognized in ancient as well as biblical times as a manifestation of disease. However, according to Louis K. Diamond (Fig. 1), who reviewed the history of neonatal jaundice, (1) the first record concerning jaundice of the newborn appears to be by Barthomomaeus Metlinger in 1473 in his book Ein Regiment der Jungen Kinder . The occurrence of jaundice shortly after birth as well as some suggestions for homeopathic treatment were mentioned by Michael Ettmuller in his 1708 treatise “De Infantum Morbis.” (1) An early description of icterus neonatorum was published in 1742 in London by John Burton in his treatise “A Full View of All the Diseases Incident to Children.” He suggested that “jaundice generally yields to any gentle purgative.” (1) This same approach was used by Condie in 1853 in Philadelphia. (2) At that time, he wrote that icterus neonatorum seemed to be “connected with the want of a free evacuation of meconium.” He suggested the use of castor oil or a small measure of calomel or rhubarb. It is interesting that he noted that the jaundice was known at times to be accompanied by a “good deal of drowsiness.” There were several publications in France concerning neonatal jaundice in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the most significant of which, according to Thor Hansen, (3) was the thesis submitted by Jacques Francois Hervieux and defended by him for his M.D. degree at the University of Paris in 1847. The thesis was entitled “De l’ictere des nouveau-nes” (On the jaundice of newborns). Thor Hansen, to whom we are grateful for having reviewed the original French thesis, pointed out that the introductory section of the Hervieux thesis contains a valuable review of works by …

We investigated the effect of weight loss, independent of change in diet composition, on HDL and apoAI metabolism in men with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Subjects (19 men with MetS [NCEP-ATPIII]) were fed an isoenergetic Mediterranean-style diet for 5 weeks (all foods provided). Participants then underwent a 20-week free-living period during which they were counseled to restrict energy intake, after which they were again fed an isoenergetic Mediterranean-style diet for 5 weeks. At the end of the two controlled diets, participants received a single bolus of [5,5,5-(2)H(3)] (L)-leucine, and fasting blood samples were collected over a 96 h period. ApoAI kinetic was assessed using multicompartmental modeling of the tracer enrichment data. Participants achieved a 9.1 ± 2.8% reduction in body weight (P < 0.001). Weight loss resulted in an increase in plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations of 6.0% (P = 0.059) and HDL(3)-C of 7.9% (P = 0.045), attributable to a reduction in apoAI fractional catabolic rate (-7.8%; P = 0.046) with no change in apoAI production rate (2.2%; P = 0.58). These data indicate that weight loss, independent of variation in diet composition, increases plasma HDL primarily by delaying the catabolism of apoAI.

This study was performed to determine what consequences surgery for morbid obesity has on weight loss, problems in eating behavior, quality of life, physical appearance and mental state. After a minimum follow-up of > 8 months (median follow-up 21 months, range 8-48 months), a questionnaire concerning extent of, satisfaction with and consequences of weight loss was mailed to 250 morbidly obese patients after laparoscopic Swedish adjustable gastric banding (SAGB). In addition, the partner's opinion regarding the operation was evaluated as well as the consequences of weight loss for partnership and sexual relationship. 160 patients (64%) completed and returned the questionnaire. Most patients (87%) were happy with the extent of weight loss. Weight loss, however, was connected with negative consequences for the body such as flabby skin (53%), abdominal skin overhang (47%) and pendulous breasts (42%). Patients who were satisfied with their postoperative physical appearance showed significantly less weight loss than did patients who were unhappy with their appearance (38 vs 54 kg). Most of the partners (91%) believed that the decision for SAGB was right. An improvement in partnership was reported by more than half of the partners (59%), and an improved sexual relationship by 45%. Laparoscopic SAGB is an effective surgical treatment for morbid obesity. However, the consequences of excess and rapid weight loss for physical appearance are negative in many cases. Well-directed information about the consequences of excess weight loss before SAGB and the possibilities and limits of plastic surgery must be given preoperatively to offset high and often unrealistic expectations.

Of 10,122 singleton babies born from January 1, 1984 to March 31, 1988, we compared 1,154 term infants with high serum bilirubin levels (&gt;12.9 mg/dl) to 1,154 infants with low serum bilirubin levels (&lt;12.9 mg/dl) randomly selected from the remaining 8,968 subjects. We found that a high bilirubin level was significantly associated with male sex; maternal diabetes (chronic and gestational); pregnancy‐induced hypertension; previous sibling with neonatal jaundice; delivery by cesarean section, vacuum, or forceps; epidural anesthesia; mother with blood type O; first delivery; cephalohematoma; short gestation; lower birth weight; and lower birth order (p &lt; 0.01); and older maternal age, low percentile for birth weight, and the percentage of weight loss during hospitalization (p &lt; 0.05). Variables with significantly different frequencies in control and study groups were used in a multivariate analysis, thus further refining the data by the use of logistic regression. Teenage mothers (&lt;19 years old) had the lowest risk, whereas older mothers (&gt;35 years old) had the highest risk of all age groups for having an infant with neonatal jaundice. First delivery and previous sibling with neonatal jaundice were also risk factors. Male sex, short gestation, and delivery by vacuum extraction were other notable risk factors. Our results suggest that, even among industrialized Western societies, risk factors may interact differently to produce higher neonatal serum bilirubin levels. The importance of a risk factor may also be dependent upon its relative prevalence in a parturient population.