Abstract
BackgroundAlthough the dietary inflammatory index (DII) has been evaluated in relation to psychological disorders risk, the association between DII and psychosomatic complaints is unclear. This study aimed to determine the association between DII, as a proxy measure of the inflammatory potential of the diet, and psychosomatic complaints.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 2818 people from the general population, aged 19 to 69 years, of Isfahan province in Iran. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated dish-based food-frequency questionnaire. Psychosomatic complaints were assessed using a self-administered validated Persian questionnaire. Twenty-seven nutrients or foods were included in the calculation of DII. Each of them received a score based on their inflammatory ability, thus, a higher DII score indicated a more pro-inflammatory diet. The risk of being in the top median of a psychosomatic complaints profile across the tertiles of DII was assessed using logistic regression.ResultsFour psychosomatic complaints profiles (psychological, gastrointestinal, neuro-skeletal and pharyngeal- respiratory) were identified. After controlling for potential confounders, individuals in the top tertile of DII had higher odds for experiencing high somatic complaints scores for the psychological (odds ratio (OR) = 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10, 1.89; P trend = 0.009), gastrointestinal (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.75; P = 0.058) or neuro-skeletal (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.22; P = 0.013) profile. The association for pharyngeal-respiratory complaints did not remain significant after adjustment for stressful life events, medical condition, and anti-psychotropic medicine use.ConclusionThe significant positive link between DII and the various psychosomatic complaints profiles suggests that a diet with anti-inflammatory potential might be favourably related to psychosomatic complaints. Further studies, particularly clinical trials and longitudinal studies, are warranted to investigate the inflammatory potential of diet in relation to psychosomatic complaints.
Highlights
According to the Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine, psychosomatic illness refers to any organic or functional damage as a result of psychological disorders [1]
In a recent analysis based on data from the SEPAHAN project, and consistent with earlier publications [15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22], we found that higher dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores were associated with an increased risk of having higher psychological disorders profile scores [23]
Disorders related to feelings, thoughts, and sleep were captured in the ′psychological′ somatic complaints profile, complaints related to the gastrointestinal tract, including nausea, diarrhea, and bloating, in the ′gastrointestinal′ profile, back, neck, and joint pain in the ′neuro-skeletal′ profile, and disorders relating to the pharyngeal and respiratory systems, such as shortness of breath, hoarseness and wheezing, in the ′pharyngeal-respiratory′ profile
Summary
According to the Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine, psychosomatic illness refers to any organic or functional damage as a result of psychological disorders [1]. Peripheral and central inflammatory pathways have been positively linked to mental disorders [5], as has functional damage in somatization [6]. Results of a meta-analysis have shown that a ‘healthy dietary pattern’, characterized by whole grains, fruits and vegetables, is associated with a lower risk of depression and anxiety, whereas an ‘unhealthy dietary pattern’, which consisted of red or processed meats, refined grains, and high-sugar or high-fat foods, is associated with an increased risk of mental disorders [9]. The dietary inflammatory index (DII) has been evaluated in relation to psychological disorders risk, the association between DII and psychosomatic complaints is unclear. This study aimed to determine the association between DII, as a proxy measure of the inflammatory potential of the diet, and psychosomatic complaints
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