The Relationship Between Black Women’s Gendered Racial Socialization, Self-Evaluation, and Subjective Well-Being

Аннотация.Актуальность исследования субъективного благополучия работников промышленных предприятий, особенно относящихся к разряду опасных производств, обусловлена, в частности, необходимостью создания условий для их безаварийной работы. Субъективное благополучие и удовлетворенность жизнью работника позволяют ему в течение дня концентрироваться на решении производственных задач, не отвлекаясь на негативные мысли и чувства. Работодатель не может напрямую влиять на все аспекты субъективного благополучия работника, вместе с тем в его власти создавать условия, повышающие удовлетворенность работников трудом, предположительно коррелирующей с их субъективным благополучием и удовлетворенностью жизнью. В статье представлены результаты исследования, целью которого, в частности, являлось выявление взаимосвязи показателей удовлетворенности трудом с показателями субъективного благополучия и удовлетворенностью жизнью работников промышленного предприятия (n = 656). Для достижения цели и проверки гипотез были применены: Опросник компонентов удовлетворенности трудом (Т. Ю. Иванова, Е. И. Рассказова, Е. Н. Осин); Шкала субъективного благополучия (Perrudet-Badoux, Mendelsohn, Chiche) в адаптации М. В. Соколовой; Шкала удовлетворенности жизнью (E. Diener, R. A. Emmons, R. J. Larsen и S. Griffin) в адаптации Д. А. Леонтьева и Е. Н. Осина. В результате исследования выявлены положительные корреляции показателей удовлетворенности трудом с показателями субъективного благополучия и удовлетворенностью жизнью респондентов. Интегральный показатель удовлетворенности трудом высоко и почти одинаково значимо коррелирует с интегральным показателем субъективного благополучия респондентов и их удовлетворенностью жизнью. Субъективное благополучие работников промышленного предприятия в наибольшей степени связано с такими показателями удовлетворенности трудом, как удовлетворенность процессом и содержанием труда, а также с удовлетворенностью руководством. Удовлетворенность жизнью в наибольшей степени коррелирует с такими показателями удовлетворенности трудом, как удовлетворенность процессом и содержанием труда, удовлетворенность руководством и удовлетворенность заработной платой. Полученные данные могут учитываться руководителями промышленных предприятий для повышения безопасности и организации эффективной работы промышленного производства. Abstract. The relevance of the study of the subjective well-being of employees of industrial enterprises, especially those belonging to the category of dangerous industries, is due, in particular, to the need to create conditions for their accident-free work. Subjective well-being and satisfaction with the life of the employee allows him to concentrate on solving production tasks during the day, without being distracted by negative thoughts and feelings. An employer cannot directly influence all aspects of an employee's subjective well-being, but it has the power to create conditions that increase employee satisfaction with work, presumably correlated with their subjective well-being and life satisfaction. The article presents the results of a study aimed, in particular, at identifying the relationship between indicators of job satisfaction with indicators of subjective well-being and life satisfaction of employees of an industrial enterprise (n = 656). To achieve the goal and test hypotheses, we used: Questionnaire of components of job satisfaction (T. Yu. Ivanova, E. I. Rasskazova, E. N. Osin); Scale of subjective well-being (Perrudet-Badoux, Mendelsohn, Chiche) in the adaptation by M. V. Sokolova; Scale of life satisfaction (E. Diener, R. A. Emmons, R. J. Larsen and S. Griffin) in the adaptation by D. A. Leontiev and E. N. Osin. As a result of the research, positive correlations of labor satisfaction indicators with indicators of subjective well-being and life satisfaction of respondents were revealed. The integral indicator of job satisfaction correlates highly and almost equally significantly with the integral indicator of respondents ' subjective well-being and their life satisfaction. The subjective well-being of employees of an industrial enterprise is most associated with such indicators of job satisfaction as satisfaction with the process and content of work, as well as with management satisfaction. Life satisfaction is most correlated with such indicators of job satisfaction as satisfaction with the process and content of work, satisfaction with management and satisfaction with wages. The data obtained can be taken into account by managers of industrial enterprises to improve safety and organize the effective operation of industrial production.

High levels of social trust and social support are associated with life satisfaction around the world. However, it is not known whether this association extends to other indicators of social capital and of subjective well-being globally. We examine associations between three measures of social capital and three indicators of subjective well-being in 142 low-, middle- and high-income countries. Furthermore, we explore whether positive and negative feelings mirror each other or if they are separate constructs that behave differently in relation to social capital. Data comes from the Gallup World Poll, an international cross-sectional comparable survey conducted yearly from 2005 to 2009 for those 15 years of age and over. The poll represents 95% of the world's population. Social capital was measured with self-reports of access to support from relatives and friends, of volunteering to an organization in the past month, and of trusting others. Subjective well-being was measured with self-reports of life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. We first estimate random coefficient (multi-level) models and then use multivariate (individual-level) Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression to model subjective well-being as a function of social support, volunteering and social trust, controlling for age, gender, education, marital status, household income and religiosity. We found that having somebody to count on in case of need and reporting high levels of social trust are associated with better life evaluations and more positive feelings and an absence of negative feelings in most countries around the world. Associations, however, are stronger for high- and middle-income countries. Volunteering is also associated with better life evaluations and a higher frequency of positive emotions. There is not an association, however, between volunteering and experiencing negative feelings, except for low-income countries. Finally, we present evidence that the two affective components of subjective well-being behave differently in relation to different indicators of social capital and social support across countries.

While it is often suggested that individuals’ pro-environmental behaviors may be linked with their subjective wellbeing, the strength and direction (e.g. positive or negative) of this relation is unclear. Because pro-environmental behaviors impact peoples’ everyday lives, understanding this relation is critical for promoting long-term environmental solutions. Using a series of meta-analyses, we systematically reviewed the literature on the association between individuals’ pro-environmental behaviors and their subjective wellbeing. We hypothesized that the relation between pro-environmental behavior and subjective wellbeing would be positive and strongest among types of behaviors (e.g. sustainable purchase decisions) and indicators of subjective wellbeing which more clearly reflect personal meaning (e.g. warm glow). We sourced studies via PsychINFO, PsychARTICLES, GreenFile, SocINDEX, Web of Science, and Scopus, as well as professional email lists, direct contact with authors who publish in this domain, data from the authorship team, and the European Social Survey (2016). We included studies with quantitative data on the relation between individuals’ pro-environmental behavior and their subjective wellbeing, ultimately identifying 78 studies (73 published, 5 unpublished) for synthesis. Across multiple indicators of pro-environmental behaviors and subjective wellbeing, we found a significant, positive relation (overall r = .243), and this relation did not meaningfully differ across study characteristics (e.g. sample, design). As predicted, the relation was particularly strong for indicators of pro-environmental behavior and subjective wellbeing which clearly reflect meaning, such as sustainable purchase decisions (r = .291) and for warm glow (r = .408). We found a robust, positive relation between people’s pro-environmental behaviors and subjective wellbeing, and initial evidence that this relation may be stronger the more clearly behaviors and indicators of subjective wellbeing reflect meaning. Our results indicate that program and policy-makers can seek opportunities to design ‘win-win’ sustainability programs which could positively impact both people and the environment.

BackgroundBody mass index (BMI) is associated with subjective well-being. Higher BMI is believed to be related with lower well-being. However, the association may not be linear. Therefore, we investigated whether a nonlinear (U-shaped) trend would better describe this relationship, and whether eating disorders might account for the association in young adults.MethodsFinnTwin16 study evaluated multiple measures of subjective well-being, including life satisfaction, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-20), satisfaction with leisure time, work, and family relationships, and satisfaction with sex life in young adulthood in the 1975–79 birth cohorts of Finnish twins (n=5240). We studied the relationship between indicators of subjective well-being and BMI both in full birth cohorts and in subgroups stratified by lifetime DSM-IV eating disorders.ResultsWe found an inverse U-shaped relationship between all indicators of subjective well-being and BMI in men. There was no overall association between BMI and subjective well-being in women. However, there was an inverse U-shaped relationship between BMI and indicators of subjective well-being in women with a lifetime eating disorder and their healthy female co-twins. Subjective well-being was optimal in the overweight category.ConclusionsBoth underweight and obesity are associated with impaired subjective well-being in young men. The BMI reflecting optimal subjective well-being of young men may be higher than currently recognized. Categorization of body weight in terms of BMI may need to be reassessed in young men. BMI and subjective well-being are related in women with a lifetime eating disorder, but not in the general population of young women.

This study uses representative samples of 10- and 12-year-olds from the third wave of the Children’s Words international survey (N = 48,499 10-year-olds from 35 countries, and N= 44,692 12-year-olds from 30 countries) to explore the relationship between four main economic indicators at the country level and a selection of children’s subjective well-being (SWB) indicators. The economic indicators included measures of wealth and wealth inequality, while the SWB indicators included general cognitive and affective indicators of the components of SWB and a selection of satisfaction items with specific life domains or aspects of children’s lives. Separated systematic linear regressions were calculated for each age group—each economic indicator being regressed on each SWB general indicator and on each of the selected satisfaction items. As is the case with previous research, the results do not display significant associations between economic indicators and cognitive SWB when using children’s data at the population level. In contrast, associations were identified between economic and affective indicators, and between the former and the correlation between affective and cognitive SWB at the country level. These results suggest that the affective and cognitive components of children’s SWB display idiosyncratic associations with both wealth and inequality indicators at this level, and that it is very important to analyse SWB components separately. This study also shows that satisfaction with some specific life domains (e.g.: with life as a student, time use or the freedom the child has) may display associations with some economic indicators at the macro level, while satisfaction with other life domains may not, meaning that overall life satisfaction may offer different associations with economic indicators, depending on children’s satisfaction with various life domains in each country. These associations may change with age in some cases. Findings contribute to questioning the hitherto widespread belief that a country’s macro-economic situation has little or no impact on children’s well-being and invite the use of children’s SWB indicators from a quadripartite conception—including overall satisfaction with life and life domains, positive affect and negative affect—to monitor the implementation of public policies aimed at children.

This study aims to assess subjective and psychological wellbeing correlates of teacher burnout. To achieve this, a cross-sectional randomised survey that targeted teachers in public schools in the Eastern Cape, South Africa was used. The main outcome variable was teacher burnout as indexed in measures of depersonalisation and emotional exhaustion. Correlation and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to identify significant predictors of teacher depersonalisation and emotional exhaustion. Results reveal measures of subjective and psychological wellbeing added significantly to the explained variance in teachers’ feelings of depersonalisation and emotional exhaustion. The current study suggests that indicators of subjective and psychological wellbeing can be evaluated for inclusion in burnout prevention interventions in teachers. Key words: Teacher stress and burnout, psychological wellbeing, subjective wellbeing, wellness, work and health.

Objectives This study investigated the association between childhood and young adult adversities and later-life subjective well-being among older male veterans. We also explored whether early-life parent–child relationships and later-life social engagement served as moderators and mediators, respectively. Methods Data were from the 2008 to 2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study for male veterans (N = 2026). Subjective well-being measures included depressive symptoms, self-rated health, and life satisfaction. Linear regression with the Process macro was employed to estimate the relationships. Results Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were positively associated with number of depressive symptoms and negatively related to life satisfaction. Combat exposure, a young adulthood adversity experience, was positively associated with depressive symptoms, but not with self-rated health or life satisfaction. Later-life social engagement mediated the relationship between ACEs and subjective well-being indices. Parent–child relationship quality did not moderate the association between the measures of adversity and any measure of subjective well-being. Discussion Childhood adversity and combat exposure were related to worse later life subjective well-being. Also, later-life social engagement mediated the association of two early life adversity measures and subjective well-being. Future research should examine subjective well-being and early life adversity for female veterans and should employ more detailed information about combat exposure.

A growing literature assesses the quality of life and well-being in geographically and/or politically divided areas. The paper proposes a new subjective well being (SWB) indicator based on residents’ satisfaction with environment and community, personal life and leisure activities. Our approach is a novel construction and new application of the well-being index, specifically, a DEA-like model with common weights under the benefit of the doubt (BoD) approach. This approach is very interesting in the SWB framework, allowing us to differentiate efficient individuals or estimate the relative importance of each domain in the SWB indicator. The results state that Personal life is the domain that most profoundly affects SWB index; it also differs in groups of individuals and geographic spaces.

Subjective well-being of geriatric patients during and after inpatient geriatric rehabilitation: a biopsychosocial prediction model.

<p><strong>Context and Relevance.</strong> This article considers one possible correlate of well-being, the cognitive illusion of age. A number of studies have shown the correlation of cognitive illusions of age with either subjective well-being or psychological well-being, studying it in samples with significant age variation. <strong>Objective.</strong> To identify the correlation of the cognitive illusion of age with both subjective and psychological well-being of individuals in adolescence and to establish the variables mediating this correlation. <strong>Hypotheses. </strong>Indicators of subjective and psychological well-being are hypothesized to be significantly higher in adolescents with a negative cognitive illusion of age compared to those with a positive cognitive illusion. Sex and employment are hypothesized to mediate the relationship between the cognitive illusion of age and both subjective and psychological well-being. <strong>Methods and Materials. </strong>The sample consisted of 96 students (M = 19,27, SD = 0,814, where 48% were young men) aged between 18 and 21 years. The following methods were used: “Age-of-me” (B. Barak); “Life Satisfaction Scale” (E. Diener); “Positive and Negative Affect Schedule” (D. Watson, L. Clark, A. Tellegen); “Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-being”. <strong>Results.</strong> The study found that subjective age overestimation (negative cognitive illusion of age), as opposed to positive cognitive illusion, is correlated with higher indicators of psychological and subjective well-being of a person in adolescence. The hypothesis that sex and employment mediate the correlation between the cognitive illusion of age and well-being was tested. It was found that regardless of sex and work experience, negative cognitive illusion was directly related to higher measures of well-being in young adulthood. <strong>Conclusions. </strong>The results suggest that the negative cognitive illusion of age may contribute to higher levels of both psychological and subjective well-being in adolescence.</p>

Emotional intelligence (EI) has been found to generally predict subjective wellbeing (SWB) indicators such as life satisfaction and happiness. Concerning the specific abilities of trait EI, i.e., mood attention, emotional clarity and mood repair, research has largely demonstrated that emotional clarity and mood repair are the strongest predictors of SWB indicators, whereas mood attention has been relegated to a secondary role. To clarify previous inconsistencies, we tested EI by means of the bifactor model because it allows for a better comprehension of the complex nature of EI. The current paper was composed of two studies: Study 1 examined the prediction of SWB indicators by EI and its dimensions in the bifactor model; and Study 2 analysed the differences in EI and SWB indicators across university students and employees. Results of Study 1 demonstrated that the structure of EI is best represented by the bifactor model with a general e(motional)-factor and three specific emotional abilities. Mood attention was a negative predictor of SWB indicators, whereas mood repair was a positive predictor, and emotional clarity was non-significant. Study 2 showed that employees and university students did not differed in how EI predicted SWB indicators. These findings evidenced a shift in the study and measurement of EI. Further implications of this paper are discussed.

Objectives: This study described the association of subjective well-being with combat exposure and social relationships among middle-aged and older Veteran men in the USA. The stress-buffering hypothesis, which predicts social relationships may moderate the association between combat exposure and subjective well-being, was also examined.Method: Data from the 2008 Health and Retirement Study (N = 2961) were used to estimate logistic regression models, focusing on three measures of subjective well-being: depression, life satisfaction, and self-reported health.Results: In the fully adjusted models, there were no statistically significant relationships between combat exposure and the three indicators of subjective well-being. However, compared to Veterans who had lower scores on the social relationship index, Veterans who had higher scores were less likely to be depressed and less likely to report poor or fair health. Veterans who had higher scores on the social relationships index reported higher levels of life satisfaction than those Veterans who had lower scores. There was no evidence for a social relationships buffering effect.Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that combat exposure did not have a long-term relationship with subjective well-being. Longitudinal research designs with more comprehensive indicators of combat exposure may help researchers better understand some of the underlying complexity of this relationship. Complementary research with samples of women Veterans, as well as samples of Hispanic, and non-Black, non-White Veterans, is also needed.

Mediating role of resilience in the impact of mindfulness on life satisfaction and affect as indices of subjective well-being

We tested the generality of stress’s association with lower subjective well-being in a large-scale, representative sample. We found that stress is associated with all three major forms of subjective well-being – life satisfaction, positive feelings, and low negative feelings – around the world. However, the associations were stronger with positive and negative feelings than with life satisfaction. Prosocial behavior was related to higher life satisfaction and positive feelings around the world, and also buffered the effects of stress on positive feelings, and depending on the world region, the other two components of SWB as well. Stress was less associated with lower life satisfaction in poorer (than richer) nations, but the opposite pattern held for positive and negative affect. Thus, prosocial behavior seems to generally raise well-being and buffer against stress, while higher affluence can both dampen and amplify the associations of stress and well-being.

Recent meta-analytic research suggests that the absence of pessimism could be a stronger predictor of physical health than the presence of optimism. The present study examined the role of subjective well-being in the effects of optimism and pessimism on physical health in romantic couples. It was hypothesized that pessimism would be more strongly associated with both well-being and health than optimism, intra- and interpersonally. Subjective well-being was also expected to explain variance in the associations between optimism, pessimism, and health. A baseline sample of 153 opposite-sex couples completed various measures of subjective well-being (e.g., life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, and depressive symptoms) and physical health (e.g., subjective health, sleep efficiency, physical symptoms, cold symptoms, and chronic illness). Results of actor-partner interdependence models showed that the absence of pessimism, but not the presence of optimism, was associated with better physical health at baseline and over time. Pessimism was also a stronger predictor than optimism of baseline levels in some indicators of subjective well-being. These effects were obtained intra- and interpersonally. Finally, subjective well-being explained variance in some of the effects of pessimism on levels of physical health. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.