Abstract
The Purpose of the study was to evaluate the association between thyroid -stimulating hormone (TSH), free tri-iodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (T4), hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and age related macular degeneration (ARMD) incidence. Nine hundred and fifty patients with thyroid disorders versus five hundred and thirty eu-thyroid subjects were included in the study during the period from January 2014 to February 2019. Blood pressure, blood sugar level and cholesterol, smoking state were estimated. TSH, T3&T4 were measured. Retinal photography and optical coherence tomography were performed. Patients with hyperthyroidism had increased incidence of ARMD. Patients using thyroxine had also increased incidence of ARMD than non using of thyroxine. There were statistically higher significant percent of marriage, educational level and smoking in patients with thyroid disorders with ARMD than euthyroid (p=0.03. 0.06, 0.001 respectively). In thyroid disorders patients, there were a significant differences between patients had ARMD or had not as regard diabetes, hypertension and cholesterol level (p=0.04, 0.09, 0.03 respectively). We concluded that there were increased incidence of ARMD in both hyperthyroidism, and patients use the thyroxine.
Highlights
Age related macular degeneration (ARMD) is important cause of visual loss [1, 2].The pathophysiology of ARMD is complex
There were a significant differences between patients had ARMD or had not as regard diabetes, hypertension and cholesterol level (p=0.04, 0.09, International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2019; 4(4): 101-105
The relation between thyroid diseases and ARMD incidence was evaluated since thyroid is risk factor for ARMD and there were few studies about ARMD and thyroid and the results of these studies are inconstant
Summary
Age related macular degeneration (ARMD) is important cause of visual loss [1, 2]. Drusen is initiated by inflammatory cells and activated by complement formation while the cause of pigment alteration is still unclear. Human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells express thyroid hormone receptors that is target for thyroid hormone [3]. Suppression of thyroid hormone preserves cone photoreceptors in mouse with retinal degeneration while, administration of active thyroid hormone deteriorates cones. Suppression of thyroid hormone preserves cone photoreceptors in mouse with retinal degeneration while, administration of active thyroid hormone deteriorates cones. [4]
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