Abstract

A bivariate Markov-switching model identifies two regimes in the futures-price and risk-premium models. The persistent underlying states have very different implications for spot and risk-premium forecasts. In the “low” state, a positive bias predicts spot price appreciation. The “high” state is associated with lower spot appreciation and higher risk premiums. The regime-switching framework provides a new perspective on the intertemporal role of gold as a hedge or safe-haven asset. The gold spot-price appreciation regime is shown to be correlated with higher inflation rates and the complement regime is associated with high market returns and stock market risk premia. Since the state-space methodology procedure can be employed using only past data, forecasts of the persistent unobserved underlying state of the gold price appreciation regime will be augmented as more data becomes available.

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