The Reading Brain: The Canary in the Mind

Studies on the impact of different media, influence of temperature and pH on the growth, cultural and morphological characters of pathogen is greatly influenced for successful management of crop diseases. Therefore, the present study was carried out during 2017 at the Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India to assess the growth of Alternaria solani in different media, temperature and pH. A. solani was inoculated with different media, range of temperature and pH and assess their growth by agar plate method. All the experiments replicated thrice. The study clearly revealed that among the media tested both solid and liquid, PDA and PD broth was found to be the best in supporting the mycelial growth (88.67mm) and mycelial dry weight (289.51mg) of the pathogen. Also, the study proved that temperature of 30ºC was suitable for A. solani and recorded maximum mycelial growth of 69.52mm. Whereas, the optimum pH for the growth of pathogen 6.5 and recorded maximum mycelial growth of 71.52mm. It is concluded that the isolate will be further tested for their aggressiveness in early blight disease incidence.

This paper reports on the findings of an empirical investigation into the impact of different media on design methodology.The statistical sample included 49 fourth year architecture students, divided into three groups: the drawing group, the physical model group and the computer group.They were given a problem of designing a façade in an urban context in Glasgow over a two week period.The design process of each group was monitored over that period through observations, recordings and attitude measurement via a questionnaire survey.The results were analysed using the Statistical Programme for Social Sciences (SPSS).The dendrograms from cluster analysis revealed that there were well established perceptual dimensions, or clusters, for the façade's design variables within the three groups because of using different media.The impact of media on design creativity, both as a process and a product, was investigated.All three media types yielded a positive correlation between 'media made design decisions more creative' and 'media made design scheme more creative'-with a correlation coefficient of 0.708 which was significant at the 0.01 level, p<0.05.

Citizens' engagement on local governments' Facebook sites. An empirical analysis: The impact of different media and content types in Western Europe

This experiment investigates the impact of different media presentations on children's story comprehension. The purpose of the study was to analyze whether a combined media approach might influence the way in which a story is remembered and understood. Forty‐four third graders were randomly assigned to one of three story medium combinations: a) televised story followed three days later with a repeated presentation in the same medium; b) televised story‐illustrated storybook; and c) illustrated storybook followed by illustrated storybook. Retellings, analyzed by Morrow's adapted measure of story structure, expressive language, and cued recall indicated no significant differences between groups. Findings suggest that the communication medium alone by which a narrative is conveyed might have little importance for comprehension.

Bali has favorable conditions for the production and expansion of citrus plantations. However, citrus cultivation in Bali often faces challenges, including reduced yield caused by pest infestations and pathogenic diseases. One significant pest affecting citrus plants is the whitefly. A potential method for controlling whiteflies is the use of natural enemies. The entomopathogenic fungus Aschersonia placenta is one of natural enemy that can effectively manage whitefly infestations. However, the succesful utilization of A. placenta requires a specialized approach, particularly in selecting an appropriate growth medium. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different growth media on the development of the entomopathogenic fungus A. placenta. The research began with field sampling, followed by the isolation and morphological identification of A. placenta to obtain a pure culture. Subsequently, media tests were conducted to evaluate fungal growth. Nine treatments were implemented to examine the impact of different media: (1) Water Agar (WA), (2) Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), (3) Potato Sucrose Agar (PSA), (4) Water Agar + Weaver Ant Eggs Flour (WA-WAEF), (5) Potato Dextrose Agar + Weaver Ant Eggs Flour (PDA -WAEF), (6) Potato Sucrose Agar + Weaver Ant Eggs Flour (PSA-WAEF), (7) Water Agar + Cricket Flour (WA-CF), (8) Potato Dextrose Agar + Cricket Flour (PDA-CF), and (9) Potato Sucrose Agar + Cricket Flour (PSA-CF). The results demonstrated that incorporating cricket insect flour (Gryllidae: Orthoptera) or weaver ant egg flour (Oecophylla smaragdina) into potato sucrose media provided the most optimal growth environment for A. placenta.

Impact of Aggressive Media on the Interlaminar Shear Strength of Innovative Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyurea/Polysilicate Hybrid Resins

Background: One of the most common techniques in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is in vitro embryo production (IVEP), the success of which depends on the intrinsic quality of oocytes and the composition of the culture medium. Objectives: This study investigates the effects of gonadotropin hormones (such as eCG and hCG) along with the antioxidant quercetin on the maturation of ovine oocytes, as well as the impact of different media on the expression of Bcl2 and Bax genes in blastocysts. Methods: After washing the oocytes, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that exhibited three or more layers of cells and homogeneous cytoplasm were selected and matured in BO-IVM, TCM (TCM-199 + 10% FBS + 10% ovine follicular fluid + 5 mg/mL FSH + 1 mg/mL estradiol-17β + 0.81 mM sodium pyruvate + 50 mg/mL gentamicin sulfate), and TCM+ (TCM + 20 µg/mL eCG + 5 µg/mL hCG + 15 µg/mL quercetin) media for 24 hours at 38.5°C, 20% O2, and 5% CO2. After maturation, oocytes were fertilized with frozen ram semen, and presumed zygotes were cultured in BO-IVC under uniform conditions. Embryo development occurred at 38.5°C in a humid atmosphere with 5% CO2, 5% O2, and 90% N2. Results: The results indicated that the BO-IVM medium had a significantly higher mean percentage of zygotes, morulae, blastocysts, and hatched blastocysts compared to TCM+ and TCM (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, blastocyst formation and hatched blastocysts were significantly more frequent in TCM+ than in TCM (P &lt; 0.05). However, the BO-IVM medium demonstrated a significant improvement compared to other maturation media. Gene expression analysis showed no significant difference in Bcl2 expression among the groups, while Bax expression was significantly higher in TCM (P &lt; 0.05). Overall, the BO-IVM medium was identified as the best option for optimizing oocyte maturation and producing high-quality blastocysts in ovine, with TCM+ yielding better results than the TCM medium without hormonal and antioxidant compounds. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the addition of the antioxidant quercetin and the growth factors eCG and hCG improved the performance of the TCM medium. However, further research is needed to enhance the performance of the TCM maturation medium compared to the commercial BO-IVM medium.

The PhD thesis presented in this paper investigates the impact of different media on collaborative music making in shared workspaces. Studies will explore the difference between virtual reality and screen-based media, with experimental adjustment of individual viewpoint and co-temporality of sound playback. Artefact design in the project is conducted in a research through design methodology incorporating a user-centred design cycle of ethnographic studies, co-design workshops, and iterative prototyping. Summative evaluation will assess changes to collaborative process in music making tasks under experimental conditions, to better understand the design of media configurations for professional music making, when supporting individual users preference and perspective.

Scholarly contributions to the study of social memory have tended to have two different kinds of focus. Some have focused essentially on issues of transmission, exploring the impact of different media of communication on the retention and formulation of past-related knowledge. Others have been concerned with issues of public representation, with analysing the cultural productions through which specific understandings of a collective past have been articulated at particular historical moments, and with exploring the politics of this representational activity. It is important also to attend to the material and environmental aspects of social memory processes. The operations of power leave their mark not just on the representations of the past that are produced within society, but on the social relationships that govern transmission. Tradition works through normativity, through routine, through the conforming of individual behaviour to socially prescribed patterns.

Under the current policy of medium of instruction, schools in Hong Kong may use either Cantonese or Putonghua to teach Chinese Language subject. In this research, different media of instruction have been designed based on literature review and were imposed in five classes of primary one student studied in the same school. This study aims to examine the impact on using Putonghua, Cantonese or diglossia as the medium of instruction in Chinese language learning and teaching as well as the development of students’ general Chinese competence.&#13;\n&#13;\nData were collected from multiple sources, validated and checked for consistency using triangulation. Quantitative analyses were conducted via quasi-experimental study and questionnaire surveys to examine the impact on the development of students’ general Chinese competence as well as students’ learning. Qualitative analyses were executed via multiple case studies, classroom observation, teacher-student interviews and text analysis of transcripts of interview protocols to examine the impact on teaching and learning.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe research results show that, using different media of instruction have no negative impact on teaching and learning. Among those media of instruction, Cantonese, the mother tongue, is the preference of teachers and students. Nevertheless, qualified and experienced teachers and well-planned lessons and curriculum are the prerequisites for using Putonghua, Cantonese and Diglossia as the medium of instruction of Chinese language learning.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe research results show that there are positive impacts on the Chinese language development of students. However, students have different performances in the mastery of mental lexicons, writing and reading abilities among the five classes. These results reflect that the teaching goals, strategies and the allocation of teaching time are affected by the different media of instruction.&#13;\n&#13;\nIn brief, this study is a basic research that provides information for future studies on the media of instruction of Chinese language learning and teaching. Moreover, the result of this study can also serve as a reference to policy makers and teachers in making their decision in selecting the medium of instruction of Chinese language learning.

Electrospray is a process based on creation and acceleration of small sized droplets based on electrostatic repulsion. Spraying plasmid containing liquids this process may be used to transfer genes into cells. Within this paper we report on a method for accessing and evaluating the spray modalities using high speed imaging system with a post processing of image data to obtain estimated volume and velocity of emerging droplets first. Second we investigate on the impact of different media on the spray modalities. Third we evaluate the impact of the spray on cell viability and on transfection efficiency of an eGFP plasmid as reporter gene obtained in an in vitro setup on alveolar epithelial like cells (A549).

Impact of Different Media on Germination and Emergence of Tomato Genotypes

The COVID-19 epidemic is the largest human public crisis event after the outbreak of SARS, and it is also a significant information dissemination event in which the media has demonstrated enormous influence. This study is based on a survey questionnaire distributed to the public who have experienced the epidemic, focusing on dimensions such as the frequency of media information exposure, epidemic prevention behaviors, risk perception, opinion leader dissemination influence, and government credibility, and specifically analyzes the impact of media on the audience's cognition and behavior. The study found that using a specific medium has a weak impact on the audience's risk perception, and opinion leaders have a greater impact on the audience in the dissemination of major public crisis events. The development of optimized channels for information dissemination should be a collaborative effort to avoid the leakage and spread of false information, in which the government should play a major role in improving public awareness and prevention.

In this article, well-established characterization methods for nanoparticles (NPs) are discussed, in particular their application under physiological conditions. The impact of different media, mimicking physiological conditions, on NP stability in terms of physiological ionic strength and formation of the NP–protein corona is described. In order to characterize NPs under physiological conditions, we distinguish between scattering and correlation methods, microscopy-based methods, and methods based on hydrodynamic separation. Features and limitations of relevant characterization methods are reviewed, as well as challenges arising in physiological media from enhanced aggregation tendency and the presence of proteins. We conclude that no available method for NP characterization in physiological media is able to describe the colloidal system completely and satisfactory. On the contrary, combining well-chosen analytical methods by taking benefits and disadvantages into account may provide detailed characterization results.KeywordsCharacterization methodsNanoparticlesPhysiological mediaProtein corona

The relationship between media and politics receives constant attention and creates heated debate. The Encyclopedia of Media and Politics offers an authoritative, unbiased exploration of the intersection between media and politics, from larger themes such as the role of media in civil, democratic society, to more specific topics such as media ownership and regulation. The topics covered include: business and institutional aspects of the media; evolution and impact of different media including newspapers; broadcast and cable television; and new technologies; coverage of and relations with the White House, Congress, political parties, and other political institutions; legislation and court cases affecting the media; important debates, such as those over media bias and election coverage; profiles of organizations and agencies, such as the Federal Communications Commission; Profiles of influential media outlets; and, biographies of important figures. With articles contributed by scholars and practitioners, this volume provides both academic analysis and practical insights on the history, impact, and roles of the media in politics. Additional key information is provided through photographs, tables, figures, appendices, and an index. School, academic, and public libraries as well as libraries that serve media and professionals in related areas will want to acquire this important new resource for their patrons.