Abstract
ABSTRACT Context: this paper explores different ways of using qualitative approach interviews, based on the assumption that the interview is not exclusively subjective or objective, but intersubjective, allowing participants to discuss and express their interpretations about the social world. Objective: the aim is to guide the use of the interview, step by step, in research in administration and related areas, offering a simplified guide to assist beginning and experienced researchers. Method: due to its objective, this tutorial article is descriptive and explanatory, interdisciplinary and supported by bibliographic sources. Results: theoretical considerations about the interview are made, conceptualizing essential aspects related to its structuring, development and evaluation. Also listed are the factors resulting from the intersubjectivity inherent in the act of researching, such as the potential types of interview, the dimensions of the preparation, the different possibilities of asking, the questions about the conduct of the meeting, the dimensions related to the analytical work, among others. Conclusion: as an outcome, it is suggested that the interviewer observe the asymmetry of the relationship with the interviewee, the inevitable presence of biases and distortions, and the rigor in planning the investigation.
Highlights
The research tradition in the administration area has favored studies with a quantitative approach, the relevance of qualitative research has been evidenced as the focus of interest moves from the search for maximizing efficiency to the human and socio-historical dimension of organizations (Lanka, Lanka, Rostron, & Singh, 2021)
The intention of this article was to provide researchers in administration and related topics with a horizon about the qualitative approach interview, its characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and the main practical circumstances involved in its use
Some last points are highlighted that, it is suggested, the researcher observes when dealing with interviews: the asymmetry of the relationship with the interviewee, the inevitable presence of biases and distortions, and the rigor in the research planning
Summary
The research tradition in the administration area has favored studies with a quantitative approach, the relevance of qualitative research has been evidenced as the focus of interest moves from the search for maximizing efficiency to the human and socio-historical dimension of organizations (Lanka, Lanka, Rostron, & Singh, 2021). The limitations of the quantitative approach to capture the complexity existing in organizations were recognized, in order to align the field with the epistemic turns driven by the 20th century (Rodrigues, Neves, & Anjos, 2016). In this context, this article is part of the proposal to discuss qualitative research in administration, with the objective of structuring a step-by-step guide to researchers, especially those not yet familiarized with the use of interviews according to this approach, as a data production method. The interview is understood as a dynamic and relational technique
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