The Protocol on the General Conditions for the Delivery of Goods Between the Foreign Trade Organizations of the People's Republic of China and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of 1950

The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics agree to sign the following articles in order to develop the exchange of goods between the two countries: The transport of goods from the People's Republic of China to the Soviet Union and from the Soviet Union to the People's Republic of China shall be carried out in accordance with both parties' agreement and the list of goods prescribed in the special protocol. The governments of both parties shall guarantee the supply of the goods in accordance with the above-mentioned protocol.

SINCE COMING into existence in 1949, the Chinese Communist regime has been operating under a provisional constitution consisting of two articles, namely, The Common Program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference' and The Organic Law of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China.2 On January 13, 1953, however, the Central People's Government Council at its twentieth meeting passed a measure known as The Resolution Relating to the Convocation of the All-China People's Congress and Local People's Councils on All Levels. Among other things, the Resolution provided the appointment of a twenty-six-member committee with Mao Tse-tung as its Chairman to draft a permanent constitution for the country.8 It was apparently more than one year later that the Constitution Drafting Committee took up its work. On March 23, 1954, Chairman Mao Tse-tung, on behalf of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, submitted a so-called Preliminary Draft to the Committee which, after holding seven formal and a number of informal meetings, passed the draft on June ii, 1954, and immediately submitted it to the Central People's Government Council for action.4 On June 14, 1954, the Council by unanimous vote resolved that

In China, the Central committee of the Communist Party and the Central People's government of the People's Republic of China are considered to be the decision makers and guilders and supervisors in the reform of the state-owned enterprises (SOE), directly influencing and restraining the direction of and the path to the reform of SOE. The impact of the Party and the central government on the reform of SOE is expressed by way of their RHD (RHD). Therefore, to research the reform of SOE, we must red and comprehend RHD. At present, in the studies on the reform of SOE, but and they have not been taken as the object of analysis for the study on the relationship between RHFD and the process of reform. In this article, we have, by the use of selecting 6 documents issued between 2000 and 2005 by the central government as the object of our study and by the use of the method of text analysis and the method of critical discourse analysis (CDA), probed the impact of the language system of RHD on the reform of SOE. By ...

China's State Statistical Bureau, working in coordination with related departments in line with the directives of the Government Administration Council of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China and in the light of the country's national election, carried out its first national population census. So that the census could proceed efficiently, registration offices were set up at different levels throughout the country, and a simple and viable standard procedure was devised. The processing and verification as well as the collection of the data are now totally completed. Statistics included are: 1) with 0 hour July 1, 1953, as the reference time, the total population of China is 601,938,035; 2) males account for 51.82% of the total population; 3) those people 18 years old or over account for 58.92% of the total; 4) the Han nationality accounts for 93.94% of the total; and 5) 13.26% of the population reside in cities and towns. The distribution of the national population by province are given.

The thirteenth session of the General Assembly met at UN Headquarters from September 16 through December 13, 1958, when it was adjourned. It was decided at the Assembly's 782d plenary meeting to reconvene on February 20, 1959, to consider exclusively the question of the future of the trust territories of the Cameroons under French administration and the Cameroons under United Kingdom administration. At the opening plenary meeting, Mr. Charles Malik (Lebanon) was elected President of the session, having obtained 45 votes to 31, which were cast for Mr. Mohammed Ahmed Mahgoub (Sudan). At its 755th plenary meeting, the Assembly adopted the recommendation contained in the report of the General Committee that the Assembly reject the request of India for the inclusion in its agenda of the question of the representation of China in the UN and decide not to consider at its thirteenth session any proposals to exclude the representatives of the government of the Republic of China or to seat representatives of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China.

Politics and religions in Hong Kong after 1997: whether tension or equilibrium is needed

1. INTRODUCTION Environmental well-being affects human health. An important yardstick in measuring the environmental well-being of coastal states is the sustainability of fisheries. (1) A recent study has suggested that the world's fish catch might be much smaller than previously reported. (2) Nevertheless, the decline of world's fishery has become a matter of international concern. (3) As a coastal jurisdiction, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) is obliged to ensure through proper conservation and management measures that the maintenance of the living resources in its exclusive economic zone is not endangered by over-exploitation. (4) Notwithstanding that the fishery sector is not substantial from a global economy aspect, the fishery sector has a major impact on some coastal nation states and fishery products are a major component in world trade. (5) The most important factors contributing to the depletion in fishery resources are environmentally harmful fishery subsidies and inadequate fishery management. (6) Fishery subsidies have partly contributed to the over-expansion of fishing boats, and, as a result, created excessive harvesting. (7) Inadequate fishery management includes lack of implementation and poor enforcement of environmental protection legislation regulating air and water pollution in ensuring a sustainable environment. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) provides sovereign rights over an exclusive economic zone to each coastal state. Every state has sovereign rights for the purpose of conserving and managing the marine resources and protecting and preserving the marine environment. (8) These measures are designed to maintain or restore populations of harvested species at levels which can produce the maximum sustainable yield. (9) The People's Republic of China (China) is a signatory state to the Convention. (10) As the HKSAR is now a special administrative region of China, it inevitably has a duty to honor the international obligations made between China and other members of the international community, as they apply to the HKSAR. (11) Accordingly, the HKSAR has to operate within the ambit of the UNCLOS, to which China is a signatory state. (12) The Basic Law of the HKSAR (Basic Law) authorizes the HKSAR to participate in relevant international organizations and to enter into international trade agreements on its own. (13) However, it also provides that the Central People's Government (CPG) shall be responsible for the foreign affairs relating to the HKSAR. (14) However, the CPG has to consult the HKSAR Government before such international agreements are extended to the Region. (15) International agreements made prior to resumption of exercise of sovereignty by China over Hong Kong on July 1, 1997, remain unchanged. (16) These include the founding membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO). International environmental law is a developing area in the HKSAR, which is subject to seventeen multilateral environmental agreements (MEA) dealing with water pollution and conservation as of December 200. (17) It was not until 1977 that an Environmental Protection Unit was established in the HKSAR. (18) Its powers, however, were merely supervisory. (19) This unit was upgraded to an Environmental Protection Agency in 1981. Finally, in 1986, the Environmental Protection Department was established and was empowered with pollution prevention and control measures. (20) While the then colonial administrative did not give environmental issues a high priority, (21) a number of these MEAs were made, including the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal Protocol) and the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (Basel Convention). Although the HKSAR is allowed to exercise a high degree of autonomy, (22) it may not enter into any international agreement on its own other than trade agreements. …

FIGHT FOR A FUNDAMENTAL TURN FOR THE BETTER IN THE NATION'S FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SITUATION: June 6, 1950

The tenth session of the General Assembly met at UN Headquarters from September 20 to December 20, 1955. At the opening plenary meeting, Mr. José Maza (Chile) was unanimously elected President of the session. On the motion of the United States, the Assembly by a vote of 42 to 12 with 6 abstentions decided not to consider any proposals to exclude the representatives of the government of the Republic of China or to seat representatives of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China during the tenth session.

The undersigned representatives plenipotentiary agree as follows: The delivery of goods by the People's Republic of China to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to the People's Republic of China shall, from 1 January 1955, be carried out in accordance with the "General Conditions for the Delivery of Goods by the People's Republic of China to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to the People's Republic of China" supplementary to this Protocol. Therefore, "the Protocol on the Delivery of Goods between the Foreign Trade Organizations of China and the Soviet Union" signed on 29 March 1952 becomes void immediately.

The undersigned representatives plenipotentiary agree as follows: The delivery of goods by the People's Republic of China to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to the People's Republic of China shall, from 1 January 1957, be carried out in accordance with the "General Conditions for the Delivery of Goods by the People's Republic of China to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to the People's Republic of China" appended to this Protocol. Accordingly, the "General Conditions for the Delivery of Goods by the People's Republic of China to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to the People's Republic of China" signed on 12 February 1955 and the exchange of notes of 27 December 1955 regarding Articles 2 and 5 of the above-mentioned "General Conditions" shall immediately lose their force.

Notingthat the Security Council, because of lack of unanimity of the permanent members, has failed to exercise its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security in regard to Chinese Communist intervention in Korea,

The ninth session of the Trusteeship Council met from June 5 to July 30, 1951. On the opening day of the session the Soviet representative proposed that the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China be invited to participate in the meetings of the Council; a motion by the representative of the United States (Sayre) to postpone indefinitely a discussion of the Soviet proposal was adopted by 11 votes to I. The Council then elected Sir Allan Burnes (United Kingdom) President and Mr. Khalidy (Iraq), vicepresident and adopted an agenda of sixteen items.

The audit process is the process of continuously collecting audit evidence. Audit evidence is processed when auditors are doing financial audits. Generally speaking, audit evidence shall be both reliable and relevant. Auditors exam evidence available from various sources to decrease the probability of material misstatement and audit failure (Bell, Peecher, and Solomon, 2005). This paper elaborates on the classification of audit evidence, and techniques of collecting audit evidence in China and the United States. On this basis, the paper then compares the differences between classification and, collection of audit evidence in China and the United States. We used the method of comparison and analysis. In general, China and the US have the same concepts in audit evidence. They both defined the sufficiency and appropriateness of audit evidence to draw an audit opinion (Audit Evidence: Meaning, Definition, and Importance). China and the US have a different emphasis on audit evidence classification. China and the US have most audit evidence collection techniques in the same. China more emphasize the collection technique of supervision besides observation (The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, 2004), while the US listed reperformance as one of its most significant collection techniques (Audit evidence: Definition, Type, Procedures, and Quality). China and the US have the same expressions, both of which are adequate and appropriate and state that auditors must obtain sufficient evidence. The presentation of audit reports and opinions needs to rely on audit evidence. In the process of audit, the evidence is continuously collected and identified to improve the quality of the audit, to provide efficient suggestions and business decisions for the operation of companies.

This article analyses the exclusion of the rule of law in dispute settlement from trade relations between Mainland China and Hong Kong. Other than a power-based provision to resolve any problems through consultation, the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) between the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region does not contain any rules or procedures for the settlement of disputes between the two sides. The politicization of dispute settlement favours the freedom of informality but compromises certainty of implementation, efficiency of consistency, and transparency of justice, all necessary for further and fairer trade creation and economic integration. This article, therefore, calls for the rule of law in trade relations between Mainland China and Hong Kong with a proposal for a quasi-adjudicative dispute settlement mechanism for CEPA that complements the political framework for consultation and negotiation with an adjudicative framework for arbitration and implementation.