Abstract
In contrast to ischemic preconditioning, which is sublethal ischemia and reperfusion performed before stroke onset to mitigate its effects, ischemic postconditioning refers to the protective effects of reperfusion interruption performed after the restoration of blood flow following stroke. This chapter focuses on the protective effects of ischemic postconditioning in various ischemic models, including in vivo focal and global ischemia models as well as in vitro oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) models. Different triggers used to mimic the effects of ischemic postconditioning are discussed, including brief, repetitive reperfusion/occlusion of blood vessels, a single period of brief ischemia or hypoxia, and application of neurotoxic or anesthetic agents. In addition, the chronic protective effects of ischemic postconditioning and the therapeutic time windows are summarized. Furthermore, the potential for a combination of ischemic pre- and postconditioning to generate synergistic effects is explored. Last, the underlying protective mechanisms of postconditioning, such as the Akt cell survival pathway, MAPK pathways, and PKC pathways, among others, are discussed. This chapter therefore offers a comprehensive review on the progress of research in ischemic postconditioning for stroke.
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