Abstract
The establishment of a bioeconomy era requires not only a change of production pattern, but also a deep modernization of the production processes through the implementation of novel methodologies in current industrial units, where waste materials and byproducts can be utilized as starting materials in the production of commodities such as biofuels and other high added value chemicals. The utilization of renewable raw resources and residues from the agro-industries, and their exploitation through various uses and applications through technologies, particularly solid-state fermentation (SSF), are the main focus of this review. The advocacy for biocatalysis in green chemistry and the environmental benefits of bioproduction are very clear, although this kind of industrial process is still an exception and not the rule. Potential and industrial products, such as biocatalysts, animal feed, fermentation medium, biofuels (biodiesel, lignocelulose ethanol, CH4, and H2), pharmaceuticals and chemicals are dealt with in this paper. The focus is the utilization of renewable resources and the important role of enzymatic process to support a sustainable green chemical industry.
Highlights
Greener processes are no longer just an environmental option, but a strategic choice in the modern economy [1]
Veerabhadrappa et al [71] studied the biological detoxification of J. curcas seed cake by Aspergillus versicolor, and the contents of phorbol esters, trypsin inhibitors, tannins, and phytates were reduced by 81%, 95%, 38%, and 72%, respectively
The results presented show that an enzymatic pretreatment or the direct addition of enzymes in the bioreactors can improve the treatment of effluents from food industries containing high percentage of fats, including better treatment of effluent, with lower concentrations of organic matter, suspended solids and turbidity; reduction of operational problems such as clogging in feed and discharge effluents pipes as well as in collectors of biogas; and less production of scum in anaerobic reactors
Summary
Greener processes are no longer just an environmental option, but a strategic choice in the modern economy [1]. The design of greener processes should be considered as an investment, optimized processes become cheaper than the traditional ones These procedures will help to ensure that production can be carried out in accordance with possible future legal regulations [1,3]. Contaminant solvents andthree reagents wellshould as thebeassociated considered in terms of ecological advantages and cost reductions: (1) The simplification of the total dangers and energy employed for drying and heating at each step; (2) safer production methodologies, process, by minimizing reaction steps, and the necessity for contaminant solvents and reagents as utilizing water solvent, instead organic andfor (3)drying constant production with online well asas the associated dangersofand energy ones; employed and heating at eachprocesses step; (2) safer production methodologies, water as recycling solvent, instead of organic ones; and control and monitoring, together utilizing with chemical during the process [4].
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