Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a broad definition of autism based on the core symptoms of typical autism. Statistics show that in every 40 to 59 children, there would be a case of ASD. This severely affects the kid's social acceptability and further development. Although the pathogenesis of ASD is still unclear, it is confirmed that several gene mutations contribute to its symptoms. The Shank3 gene is one of the related genes, and it encodes the multi-domain Shank3 protein, a scaffold protein in the excitatory postsynaptic dense region. The Shank3 gene is widely distributed in the nervous system and plays an important role in maintaining synaptic plasticity. In recent years, researchers have done a large number of experiments as well as investigations about the mechanism of how Shank 3 causes ASD. This paper reviewed some hypothesis of the Shank3 gene mechanisms which leads to ASD, contributes to further understanding and research on the relationship between Shank3 gene and ASD.
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