The priority of bacteria <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. in the etiology of purulent septic infections through the prism of new diagnostic capabilities: A literature review

Abstract

Representatives of the genus Staphylococcus spp. occupy a leading place in the etiology of infections caused by opportunistic bacteria. Staphylococcus spp., being symbionts of humans and/or animals, are constantly located on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes, which are their natural habitats. The importance of bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus spp. It is determined by their significant distribution in the population, as well as among patients and medical personnel, due to their transient and resident carrier, as well as their high adaptive potential, due to their ability to form biofilms and produce enzymes that provide them with protection from antimicrobial drugs. Modern molecular genetic methods for identifying Staphylococcus spp. and assessing their epidemic potential allow us to rethink their importance in the etiology of nosocomial purulent septic infections in a new way. It is no coincidence that they entered the group of ESCAPE pathogens with a high level of priority. The ability of staphylococci to form biofilms ensures their survival in various hospital/environmental facilities, which in the conditions of a medical organization become additional, or so-called “inanimate” sources of infection. In recent years, despite the increasing role of coagulase-negative staphylococci in the etiology of purulent septic infections, Staphylococcus aureus remains the most significant causative agent of purulent septic infections.