The prevalence of oral and maxillofacial pathologic lesions in pathology centers of Zanjan (Iran) over a 5-years period (2014-2020)

Abstract

Background and objectives: The oral and maxillofacial region is exposed to many harmful agents and can be affected by a wide range of reactive, infectious, cystic, precancerous, and neoplastic lesions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of oral and maxillofacial pathological lesions in pathology laboratories in Zanjan. 
 Method: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted in the period 2014 -2020 by referring to the hospitals and laboratories with pathologists in Zanjan. Information about patients with histopathological lesions of oral and maxillofacial region was extracted, and studied in terms of age, gender, location and histopathological type of lesion. Finally, the collected data were entered into SPSS software version 22 and statistically analyzed (P <0.05).
 Results: A total of 176 histopathological lesions were investigated. Of them, 120 cases (58%) were female and 74 (42%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 39.4 years. The most prevalent lesion was periapical cyst (14.8%).In terms of tissue involved, the most lesions were related to soft tissue (67%) and in terms of anatomical location, the most lesions were gingival mucosal lesions (35.2%).
 Conclusion: The prevalence of pathological lesions was higher in females than in males. Soft tissue lesions were more than hard tissue lesions. Gingival mucosal lesions were the most prevalent and lesions of the floor of the mouth and nasal vestibule lesions were the least prevalent ones. Given the histopathologic nature of lesions, periapical cyst was the most prevalent lesion.