Abstract
Current methods for drug development and discovery involve pre-clinical analyses that are extremely expensive and time consuming. Animal models are not the best precedent to use, when comparing to human models as they are not synonymous with the human response, thus, alternative methods for drug development are needed. One of which could be the use of an ex vivo human organ where drugs could be tested and the effects of those drugs could be observed. Finding a viable human organ to use in these preliminary ex vivo studies is difficult due to the availability, cost, and viability. Bone tissue and marrow contain a plethora of both bone and stem cells, however, these cells need constant perfusion to be viable over a longer time range. Here we maintain bone cell sustainability in an ex vivo model, through the use of human femoral heads in a novel bioreactor. This bioreactor was designed to directly perfuse cell culture media (DMEM) through the vasculature of a femoral head, providing ideal nutrients and conditions required for maintaining organ viability. We show, for the first time, that cells within a femoral head can stay alive up to 12 h. Further development could be used to determine the effects of drugs on a human organ system and could aid in the understanding of the progression of bone diseases and pathologies.
Highlights
Pre-clinical studies for drug development are time consuming, expensive, and the number of animals’ lives lost in the process is astronomical
The human skeletal system could be the optimal model because bones contain a plethora of stem and bone cells
The manifold branched into four tubes (3/16” ID), which were connected to 21 12 gauge hypodermic needles that cannulate the femoral head arteries and allow media to perfuse the bone sample (Figure 2C,D)
Summary
Pre-clinical studies for drug development are time consuming, expensive, and the number of animals’ lives lost in the process is astronomical. There is a need for another model for drug development. The human skeletal system could be the optimal model because bones contain a plethora of stem and bone cells. The skeleton contains bone marrow, which is sensitive to toxicity. Bone tissue is very structurally sound and rigid, there is no need for additional external support that would be required for other organs. Testing drugs on a human femoral head ex vivo, would be ideal because the direct effects could be observed, and the overall efficacy and outcome of future clinical trials could be improved [1,2]
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