Abstract
Daphnia exposed to the presence of fish mature at smaller size and are quicker to release fewer and smaller neonates than females not exposed to this factor. Releasing neonates requires intensive movement, rendering the female very susceptible to fish predation. A reduction of this time may thereby be adaptive in the presence of fish. Since there is no correlation between the time needed to release a whole clutch and other life-history traits that show a shift in the presence of fish kairomone, the shortening of the time needed to release the young can itself be an adaptation, and not merely a consequence of change in other life-history traits.
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