Abstract
The therapeutic properties of natural honey once considered a form of folk or preventive medicine. It is important for the treatment of acute and chronic free radical mediated diseases and toxicity. Oxidative stress can play a key role in cadmium-induced dysfunction. The aim of this work was to study the effect of natural honey on cadmium-induced liver and kidney damage. A total of 30 adult male rats were divided into three groups. Group I animals served as control were injected daily I.P. by 1 ml saline. Group II animals were injected daily I.P. with 0.5mg/kg cadmium chloride dissolved in 1 ml saline for 4 weeks. Animals of group III were treated with 0.5 mg /kg cadmium chloride I.P. and 0.05ml of natural honey mixed with water orally concurrently for 4 weeks. Liver function (SGOT),(SGPT), (ALP) and kidney function (creatinine and urea nitrogen) tests were measured. In addition lipid peroxidation,reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were estimated in liver and kidney tissues samples. Light and transmission electron microscopic examination were used for histological changes. The results revealed that treatment with Cd caused marked elevation in the level of free radicals (lipid peroxidation) and kidney and liver enzymes, and a decline in GPx activity and GSH level. Administration of honey with Cd induced improvement in all examined parameters. On the other hand, light microscopic examination of kidney cortex of Cd treated group revealed swelling of the cells lining the convoluted tubules and vaculation of their cytoplasm. Variable degrees of glomerular degeneration were present. The liver showed different degrees of cell degeneration, necrosis, dilatation and congestion of blood vessels. Results obtained by EM examination revealed that there were affection of mitochondria and partial loss of microvilli of some kidney tubules. Furthermore, electron dense mitochondrea, depletion of glycogen granules in a rarified vaculated cytoplasm were seen in the hepatocytes. It is noticed that concurrent administration of honey with cadmium improved histological changes in both kidney and liver by light and electron microscope. It could be concluded that honey via its antioxidant activity has the ability to protect against cadmiuminduced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
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