The possible mechanism of Datura stramonium on pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice

Abstract

Background Insomnia leads to the development of mental problems and missing of accuracy in affected persons. Various investigations have previously revealed which medicinal plants play a role in the improvement of insomnia. In this study, we evaluated the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Datura stramonium on insomnia in mice. Methods The extracts and fractions at different concentrations were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) to mice 30 min before the sodium pentobarbital (30 mg/kg, i.p.). Additionally, the blood was collected from cardiac and serum separated to measure brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The LC-MS was done to identify the active components. Flumazenil or naloxone were also applied to study the possible mechanism of extract. The PC12 cells were then exposed to different doses of extract and fractions, in order to evaluate cytotoxicity by MTT assay and the measured LD50. Results The hydro-alcoholic extracts of calyx, seed and petal elevated sleep duration and decreased sleep latency. In addition, water, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of hydro-alcoholic extract of petal increased sleep duration. Of note, Naloxone significantly reversed the hypnotic effect of the extract. The extract increased the level of BDNF in serums. As well, the toxicity assessment revealed that the extracts had not toxic on PC12 cells. The LD50 value was obtained as 4.8 g/kg. Conclusion This research demonstrated that D. stramonium (including seed, petal and calyx) increased the hypnotic effect without neurotoxicity on PC12 cells. Sleep induction may be related to its active ingredients as well as the effect on opioid receptors.