The politics of afforestation in Tibet: Controversies over tree planting and the persistence of green narratives in Nagchu

Semantic data management in organizations requires careful design of the appropriate semantic planning model that can best drive the organization to its goals. Therefore, designing a semantic framework to make decisions with minimum error and intelligent use of semantic data is inevitable. Lack of a smart or systematic model or lack of a system in place, lack of timely and appropriate decision making, lack of evidence-based planning processes, departures from governance tasks and addressing or drowning in operational and ongoing work. There are reasons why organizations, especially the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, need to design an appropriate model for this purpose. The purpose of the present study is to design an appropriate and effective planning model in the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology in a macro and detailed manner. For this purpose, in the first phase of the research, macro-planning Framework was developed in the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology by designing a heuristic research approach using qualitative research method with Grounded theory. Then, in the second phase, a detailed planning Framework at the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology was designed using the Structured Analysis Method (SSADM). The quality of the designed pattern in both phases of research was evaluated and validated using scientific methods. Finally, the designed model was analyzed and explained and suggestions for future research were presented.

Steel Research Institutions in China

Environmental and public health research in China has largely focused on the effects of environmental pollution on health. Few studies have addressed the environment's effect on noncommunicable diseases, despite the fact that almost one out of five people in China has been diagnosed with one ([ 1 ][1]). Surprisingly, the National Planning for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases of China (2012–2015), jointly promulgated by the Ministry of Health and other 14 national departments ([ 1 ][1]), failed to mention this research. Accordingly, this research has not been funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology or the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the two principal national funding agencies of basic research in China. Noncommunicable diseases were emphasized as “a critical public health problem in China” in the 2012 Planning exercise ([ 1 ][1]), but relevant research has yet to be incorporated into the 2014 and 2015 National Key Basic Research Programs and Significant Research Programs of China developed by the Ministry of Science and Technology, which continues to prioritize biomedical approaches ([ 2 ][2], [ 3 ][3]). Moreover, this line of research is completely missing in the National Natural Science Foundation of China funding programs. Unfortunately, with approximately 260 million Chinese afflicted with noncommunicable diseases ([ 1 ][1]), the prevailing conditions hinder research development, resulting in Chinese prevention strategies that are more administrative than scientific. Given the research complexities, a long-term and systematic funding plan is required to ensure continued funding. 1. [↵][4] The Ministry of Health of China et al. , The National Planning for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases of China (2012–2015) \[in Chinese\] (2012); [www.nhfpc.gov.cn/zhuzhan/wsbmgz/201304/b8de7b7415ca4996b3567e5a09e43300.shtml][5]. 2. [↵][6] The Ministry of Science and Technology of China, The 2014 and 2015 Priority Support Directions of National Key Basic Research Programs and Significant Research Programs of China \[in Chinese\] (2013); [www.most.gov.cn/tztg/201302/t20130201_99485.htm][7]. 3. [↵][8] The Ministry of Science and Technology of China, The 2015 Priority Support Directions of National Key Basic Research Programs and Significant Research Programs of China \[in Chinese\] (2014); [www.most.gov.cn/tztg/201402/t20140220_111908.htm][9]. [1]: #ref-1 [2]: #ref-2 [3]: #ref-3 [4]: #xref-ref-1-1 View reference 1 in text [5]: http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/zhuzhan/wsbmgz/201304/b8de7b7415ca4996b3567e5a09e43300.shtml [6]: #xref-ref-2-1 View reference 2 in text [7]: http://www.most.gov.cn/tztg/201302/t20130201_99485.htm [8]: #xref-ref-3-1 View reference 3 in text [9]: http://www.most.gov.cn/tztg/201402/t20140220_111908.htm

China is home to more than 31,000 species of vascular plants, more than any country except Brazil and Colombia. More than half of Chinese vascular plant species are found nowhere else, including many, such as Ginkgo and Metasequoia , which were once widespread around the Northern Hemisphere, but now survive only in China. Numerous noted botanical explorers and collectors from Europe, America, and China contributed valuable material to the herbaria of leading botanical institutions and greatly enriched the gardens of the world through their discoveries. The completion by Chinese botanists of the Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae (FRPS), which outlines the characteristics of the country's huge flora, is an event of great significance; no flora of comparable size has ever been completed. This publication of this work was formally begun in 1958, but it was initiated in the 1930s by Hu Xiansu (better known as H. H. Hu) ([1][1]). Work on the flora virtually ceased during the chaotic “Proletarian Cultural Revolution” (1966-76). After 1978, Chinese botanists resumed and greatly accelerated their efforts, with major financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Ministry of Science and Technology. Finally, after 45 years of extraordinary effort by 312 Chinese botanists representing four generations, the Flora has been completed. It consists of 126 books, which constitute 80 volumes; it includes 31,141 species, 3407 genera, and 300 families of vascular plants. The final part was published in October 2004. The Flora includes all native and naturalized plant species, as well as China's economically important cultivated plants, such as crops, and plants that are grown in plantations. More than 20,000 species are illustrated in the 9000 odd plates of line drawings. FRPS is being entered into a database and will be made accessible through the Internet by the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing. ![Figure][2] Rhododendrons in the Kama Valley, or Valley of the Flowers, east of Mount Everest in Tibet Autonomous Region, China. CREDIT: GALEN ROWELL/CORBIS Although FRPS provides an important step forward for the knowledge of Chinese plants, it is based on a relatively short period of study by the nation's botanists. Modern taxonomic research by Chinese botanists was not begun until 1916 ([1][1]), with earlier studies carried out mainly by European and American scientists. As a result, much of the important reference material is held by European and American institutions and was not always easily accessible to Chinese botanists, particularly during the “Cultural Revolution.” The material that Chinese botanists have had available for study is mainly based on that assembled within China, most of it since 1949. Consequently, FRPS has certain deficiencies. Because of these problems, an international collaborative project, the Flora of China project, was organized to produce a collaborative, revised English edition of FRPS. This project involves many Chinese and non-Chinese taxonomists from throughout the world and is supported by various funding agencies in China and the United States, including the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the U.S. National Science Foundation, as well as the C. V. Starr, Kadoorie, and Stanley Smith foundations. Ten volumes of text and ten volumes of accompanying illustrations have been published to date ([2][3]). The project will ultimately result in the publication of 25 volumes of text and 25 volumes of illustrations and is expected to be completed by 2010. By completing FRPS, Chinese botanists have made a great contribution to the understanding of the world's plants and have laid a more secure foundation for their conservation and sustainable use. Given the rapid development of China's economy and the consequent pressures on natural resources, this information is of vital importance. It is also hoped that the Flora may also present a useful model for botanists from other nations that are in the process of developing knowledge about their plant resources and encountering pressures similar to those felt in China. 1. [↵][4] 1. W. J. Haas , Arnoldia 48, 9 (1988). [OpenUrl][5] 2. [↵][6] The volumes are available online at and [www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/asiaprojects.shtml][7]. 3. We thank Xingguo Han, director of the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for his helpful discussion. [1]: #ref-1 [2]: pending:yes [3]: #ref-2 [4]: #xref-ref-1-1 View reference 1 in text [5]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DArnoldia%26rft.volume%253D48%26rft.spage%253D9%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [6]: #xref-ref-2-1 View reference 2 in text [7]: http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/asiaprojects.shtml

Threat of air pollution in the cleanest plateau

In 2001 the Chinese government announced that the precise location of Shangrila—a place that previously had existed only in fiction—had been identified in Zhongdian County, Yunnan. Since then, Sino-Tibetan borderlands in Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu, Qinghai, and the Tibet Autonomous Region have been the sites of numerous state projects of tourism development and nature conservation, which have in turn attracted throngs of backpackers, environmentalists, and entrepreneurs who seek to experience, protect, and profit from the region’s landscapes. Mapping Shangrila advances a view of landscapes as media of governance, representation, and resistance, examining how they are reshaping cultural economies, political ecologies of resource use, subjectivities, and interethnic relations. Chapters illuminate topics such as the role of Han and Tibetan literary representations of border landscapes in the formation of ethnic identities; the remaking of Chinese national geographic imaginaries through tourism in the Yading Nature Reserve; the role of The Nature Conservancy and other transnational environmental organizations in struggles over culture and environmental governance; the way in which matsutake mushroom and caterpillar fungus commodity chains are reshaping montane landscapes; and contestations over the changing roles of mountain deities and their mediums as both interact with increasingly intensive nature conservation and state-sponsored capitalism.

Background: Tree planting activities in urban areas are an important strategy to enhance the environmental quality for the communities living in those regions. Tree planting offers numerous benefits that can be experienced in daily life, which is why it is essential to raise awareness, particularly among urban communities, to engage in tree planting around their residential area. In addition to the benefits gained from tree planting, there are also potential drawbacks that can arise from planting trees in urban areas. This article aims to examine the awareness behaviour of tree planting and the barriers faced by urban communities in this regard. Methods: Through a literature review and a study of the perceptions of the community in Tangerang City, this research identifies the factors influencing individual decisions to engage in tree planting and measures the positive impacts generated by such initiatives. Findings: The primary motivations of residents for tree planting are to improve air quality, reduce temperatures, and simultaneously enhance the beauty and aesthetics of the surrounding environment. Additionally, participation in urban tree planting is often influenced by environmental awareness, community support, and government policies. Some of the benefits of tree planting include improved air quality, CO2 emission absorption from human activities, and the enhancement of green spaces that positively impact public health. Conclusions: This study concludes that increasing awareness of the benefits of tree planting, along with support from the government and communities, can encourage broader participation in these activities. Policy recommendations include promoting tree planting programs, providing incentives for participants, and strengthening cooperation among stakeholders, all of which are expected to achieve more optimal outcomes in urban environmental management. Novelty/Originality of this Article: This study offers a novel perspective by exploring the awareness behavior and barriers faced by urban communities in tree planting, particularly in Tangerang City, Indonesia. Unlike previous studies that primarily focus on environmental impacts, this research integrates social perceptions to provide a comprehensive understanding of community motivations and challenges.

It All Hinges on China: Environmental Governance in the Twenty-First Century

From April to July 2018, a data sample at the peak energy of the resonance was collected with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider. This is the first data sample of the Belle II experiment. Using Bhabha and digamma events, we measure the integrated luminosity of the data sample to be ( , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. This work provides a basis for future luminosity measurements at Belle II.

The carrier-density-dependent conductance and thermoelectric properties of large-area MoS2 and WSe2 monolayers are simultaneously investigated using the electrolyte gating method. The sign of the thermoelectric power changes across the transistor off-state in the ambipolar WSe2 transistor as the majority carrier density switches from electron to hole. The thermopower and thermoelectric power factor of monolayer samples are one order of magnitude larger than that of bulk materials, and their carrier-density dependences exhibit a quantitative agreement with the semiclassical Mott relation based on the two-dimensional energy band structure, concluding the thermoelectric properties are enhanced by the low-dimensional effect.

The subject of this study is the types of conceptual metaphors in the ecological speeches of China's President Xi Jinping. The object of research is the specific roles of conceptual metaphors. The author delves into 15 types of metaphors found in Xi Jinping's speeches, among which anthropomorphic metaphors (mainly reflecting the relationship between humans and nature, the various roles of developed and developing countries in global environmental governance), road metaphors (mainly depicting the correct path of multilateralism in environmental protection), construction metaphors (mainly highlighting the central role of the United Nations in global environmental governance and China's specific work on ecological construction), and others can be distinguished. Special attention is given to the reflection of President Xi Jinping's intentions through the use of metaphorical means in ecological texts. Within the framework of this study, the MIP metaphor identification procedure was used, and a corpus of 22 speeches delivered by Xi Jinping at various environmental forums and summits from 2013 to 2024 was analyzed. The scientific novelty of this article lies in the study of Xi Jinping's ecological texts from the perspective of national image formation. Based on the generalization of the national image formed through metaphors in Xi Jinping's international ecological speeches, the following three key aspects were highlighted: 1) China's image as a country that shows care for people and holds the correct view of nature and ecology; 2) China's image as a responsible great power that seeks to contribute Chinese wisdom and solutions to global environmental governance and take on the challenging tasks of environmental governance; 3) China's image as a country adhering to an eco-centric international system based on international law, and supporting the order of global environmental governance.

Case of autoantibodies against N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor+/antibodies against myelin‐oligodendrocyte glycoprotein+ multiphasic acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (<scp>ADEM</scp>)

<h3>Objective:</h3> This study aimed to analyze the prevalence, symptomatology, and predictivity of upcoming bouts of pre-cluster symptoms (PCS). Also, we investigated the associations between different PCS and treatment responses for CH. <h3>Background:</h3> PCS are symptoms preceding the upcoming bouts. Some patients could predict the CH bout based on these symptoms and might have roles in pre-emptive treatment. This study analyzed the characteristic of PCS in a large Asian cohort. Moreover, we explored the linkage between PCS and the treatment outcome of CH. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> We prospectively collected consecutive data from patients with CH. Each patient completed semi-structured interviews during CH bouts, which included 50 questions about CH symptomatology, severity, and PCS. After CH bout, we recorded responses to acute and preventive treatments. The thirty-five PCS were divided into six categories: localized (head &amp; neck) pain, general pain, fatigue &amp; mood changes, sleep problems, constitutional symptoms, and cranial autonomic symptoms. <h3>Results:</h3> A total of 131 CH patients (M: F= 98: 33) were recruited during the study period. The prevalence of PCS was 64.9%, with a mean (± SD) duration of 2.2 (± 3.9) days before CH bouts. Up to 64.1 % of CH patients were able to predict upcoming bouts. Among six categories of PCS, head and neck pain symptoms were most common (82.4%), and were more able to predict upcoming bouts (presence: absence= 68.5% vs. 43.5%, p=0.023, OR=2.8 [95% CI 1.1–7.1]). Moreover, PCS associated with response to CH preventive treatments: sleep alternation and restlessness before upcoming bouts are more likely responsive to verapamil (OR=2.1 [95% CI 1.0–4.3] and 2.3 [95% CI 1.1–4.6], respectively). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> About two-thirds of CH patients had PCS. Head and neck pain symptoms were the most common PCS with the highest predictivity of the upcoming bout. Certain PCS linked to better response to verapamil, which provides insights into future treatment strategies. <b>Disclosure:</b> The institution of ShuTing Chen has received research support from Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan). The institution of ShuTing Chen has received research support from Taipei Veterans General Hospital . Ms. Lin has nothing to disclose. Miss TSENG has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wu has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Eli Lilly. Dr. Wu has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Biogen-Idec. Dr. Wu has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an officer or member of the Board of Directors for International Headache Society (IHS). The institution of Dr. Wu has received research support from Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan. The institution of an immediate family member of Dr. Wu has received research support from Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan.

Long Term Supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 Attenuated High-Intensity Exercise Induced Acute-Phase Inflammation in Triathletes

Chinese academic community speaks out on He Jiankui again: Consensus statement on the challenges and responses of science and technology ethics governance