The Political and Socio‐Economic Foundations of the Circular Economy: Can Association and Organization Rights Be a Catalyst?

With the rapid development of China's economy, the green economy is a necessary part of the sustainable development of marine economy.To a certain extent, the development of the marine economy can gradually ease the pressure of the economic development of the land. The ocean as a new area of economic development, in the wake of the development will have more and more important role, whether domestic or foreign, and utilization of marine resources and become a new economic development in the direction of the major trend.How to promote the development of marine circular economy has become the focus of attention of the world.In recent years, the development of marine circular economy in our country has carried on many directions to explore and try. In recent years, with the gradual development of the marine economy, the problems exposed are endless, damage to the marine ecological environment, promote the development of marine circular economy is imperative. Among them, the core of the most important in the development of the marine circular economy in the process of fiscal policy exploration and construction.The framework of fiscal and tax policy is related to social equity, social resource distribution, national macro-control and so on. This paper mainly from the concept of marine circular economy theory, the defects of China's existing fiscal and taxation policies of the marine circular economy, how to promote the development of marine circular economy and the feasibility of the construction of fiscal policy. In order to better promote the development of marine circular economy in our country to put forward some useful views.

With China ’s rapid economic development, energy is consumed in a large amount at the same time. It is difficult to achieve sustainable development in the long-term extensive use of energy. Changing the use of energy and developing new energy technologies can not only ease the current energy supply problem in China, but also contribute to the development of circular economy in china. The best path for new energy development is an important guarantee for the development of circular economy, through the use of new energy technologies to achieve sustainable development goals and improve the quality of circular economy, This paper combines the research and application of new energy technologies in the development of China's circular economy to find the problems in the development and use of new energy technologies: insufficient government policy support, lack of talents in the development of new energy technologies, and lack of research and development and innovation capabilities in new energy technologies. Practical solutions are proposed: perfecting policies and regulations, cultivating new energy technology talents through multiple channels, improving independent research and development and innovation capabilities, finding the best path for China's new energy development, accelerating the upgrade of new energy technologies and thus promoting China's development of a circular economy.

The development of China's Circular Economy: From the perspective of environmental regulation

This article analyzes a circular economy, its digitization features and development models. It interprets the digitalization of the circular economy in the context of green development concepts. The article shows the importance of increasing resource efficiency and stimulating the use of renewable resources in the transition process of enterprises to the green and circular economy. The importance of reducing waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse, and production is emphasized. The international experience on the development of the digital circular economy, various scientific trends and relevant related studies are analyzed. The structure of the integration of digital technologies into the circular economy is built. The introduction of new ICT technologies into the development of circular economy, such as the Internet of Things, machine learning, deep analytics, 3D printing, blockchain, etc. are explored. The integration model of Industry 4.0 and digital circular economy is schematically developed. The main structural elements of the digital circular economy with circular Industry 4.0 are presented. The article also studies the structural elements of the circular economy, such a business models, digital transformation, lifecycle management, resource efficiency, smart services, supply chain management, etc. It explores the ways to increase the sustainability of the digital circular economy through digital transformation technologies. In this regard, relevant proposals and recommendations are made, taking into account the technological requirements and priorities for the further development of the Industry 4.0 platform elements.

Compared with the linear economy, the circular economy can solve the contradiction between social development and resource utilization, which has attracted wide attention. Although the relationship between transportation infrastructure and economic development has changed from traditional mode to spatial mode, the spatial effect of transportation infrastructure on regional circular economy is still unclear. By combining the policy changes for developing the circular economy in China, this study constructs a comprehensive index of circular economy development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). Based on the time and space development of the circular economy in GBA, we analyze the spatial effect of transportation infrastructure on it. The results show that the regional circular economy in GBA has developed, but has not been decoupled from economic development. The development of the regional circular economy presents a positive spatial spillover effect, which is beneficial to the building of the regional recycling market. The improvement of transportation infrastructure has a positive impact on the circular economy of neighboring cities, but it may have the risk of inhibiting the development of the local circular economy. These findings provide policy recommendations for urban planners to coordinate the development of transportation infrastructure and circular economy.

Since the 1990s, the notion of a circular economy has been developing globally; countries all over the world have been considering the development of a circular economy as an important means of achieving sustainable development. As the development of an industrial circular economy can help promote the efficient recycling of resources, it is an important starting point for industrial transformation and upgrading, and represents a key factor that will lead to the development of a circular economy in China. China’s varying provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) have successively implemented circular economy practices in the industrial field. The research object of the present study is 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the control of central government (Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and Tibet were not included owing to lack of data). Through the integration of geographic information systems (GIS) technology and the spatial analysis model, data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, and Tobit regression model, a measure model and index system are constructed, in order to carry out a multi-angle comprehensive study integrating the efficiency evaluation, spatial analysis, and influencing factors analysis of China’s industrial circular economy. It is an important innovation, and an important contribution to the existing research system. The conclusions are as follows: (1) In general, the overall level of China’s industrial circular economy’s efficiency was not high, and there was still a lot of room for improvement. The integrated efficiency of the industrial circular economy in the eastern region was relatively high, followed by that in the western region, and the lowest level in the middle region. (2) The efficiency of China’s industrial circular economy displayed obvious spatial aggregation characteristics at the provincial level, including clear spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity. High-value aggregation areas were mainly distributed in the eastern coastal areas, and low-value aggregation areas were concentrated and contiguously distributed in the middle and western inland areas. (3) The four elements of economic level, openness to the outside, government regulation, and industrialization aggregation each impose a significant positive impact on the efficiency of China’s industrial circular economy, which can promote its efficiency. The level of industrialization exerts a significant negative impact on the efficiency of the industrial circular economy, which hampers its improvement. The impact of technological innovation on the efficiency of the industrial circular economy is not statistically significant.

Circular economy (CE) is a sustainable development strategy that is being proposed to tackle urgent problems of environmental degradation and resource scarcity. CE's 3R principles are to reduce, reuse and recycle materials. This study is a review of the rapidly growing literature on CE covering its concept and current practices and assessing its implementation. The review also serves as an assessment of the design, implementation and effectiveness of CE-related policies. It first presents the concept of CE and compares it with the current linear economy. The paper then introduces current practices that have been introduced and discusses standards for the assessment of CE's development and performance. Third, based on an analysis of literature, the paper identifies the underlying problems and challenges to CE in an entrepreneurial perspective. Finally, the review provides a conclusion on CE's current development and gives policy suggestions for its future development.

Ensuring the sustainable development of economic systems requires the introduction of organizational, management and environmentally friendly technologies, as well as innovative business models aimed at reducing the negative impact on the environment. This is in line with the concept of "green growth" proposed by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. As international experience shows, an increase in the level of environmental safety of the national economy can be achieved through the introduction of fundamentally new management tools based on integrated (combination of system, process, situational, functional) approaches, the concepts of "lean" production, sustainable development. The purpose of the paper is to clarify the essence and content of the term "circular economy" on the basis of generalization and systematization of existing conceptual approaches to the definition of this concept. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study are the scientific works of foreign and Ukrainian scientists on the problems of green economy, circular economy and environmental management. The study was conducted using general scientific methods: analysis and synthesis (to generalize the existing conceptual approaches and provisions, scientific developments on the development of circular economy and ecologization of logistic systems, clarification of terminology), classification (to systematize theoretical approaches to the definition of "circular economy" proposed by various scientific schools), structural and logical generalization (to clarify the essence and content of the term "circular economy"). Results. The evolution and preconditions of formation, challenges, and factors of development of circular economy are investigated. Existing scientific approaches to the definition of the concept of "circular economy" are analyzed and summarized, which are conventionally systematized into the following groups: section of economy, paradigm, strategy, model, system, ecological opportunity, recycling technology, tool of "green" economy, and type of economic activity. The term "circular economy" is proposed to be considered from the following positions: as a modern paradigm of development of logistic systems; as a new way of management in the conditions of digital transformations; as a strategic direction of sustainable development; as an economic model based on the technology of industrial waste processing in order to achieve sustainable business models in the national economy. Practical implications. The key goal of the transition to a circular economy is a paradigm shift in logistics, rethinking the value chain and developing new business models that must meet the current requirements and challenges of the global world. The practical significance of the results of the study lies in the possibility of developing recommendations for "green" transformation of logistics systems in a circular economy and regional strategies for industrial waste management in the economic regions of Ukraine, taking into account their specificity. Value/originality. The author's approach to the formulation of the category "circular economy" is theoretically substantiated.

Research background: Circular economy is of great importance, as it plays a vital role in ensuring the reuse of waste created and, therefore, reduces the waste of limited resources, which is the primary goal of the general economic concept. In line with the circular economy, sustainable development gains great attention, as the United Nations announced the sustainable development goals that should be reached by 2030. Hence, the current paper aims at examining whether the circular economy could be treated as an effective assistance tool for sustainable development of OECD countries. Purpose of the article: The paper aims to investigate whether the circular economy could serve as an assistance tool for sustainable development and, therefore, seeks to determine if the circular economy could directly impact a country?s sustainable development. Methods: First, the countries chosen were prioritised using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) methodologies. AHP method was used for weight assignment to the circular economy indicators that were further used for OECD countries? prioritisation procedure for which multi-criteria decision-making method EDAS was employed. Second, to reveal a link between the circular economy ranking results and sustainable development, a comparative analysis was done. Third, the impact of the country?s circular economy on sustainable development was evaluated using the fixed-effect regression model on four years of panel data from 2016 to 2019 for the sample of 32 OECD countries. Findings & value-added: The comparative analysis of the circular economy?s prioritisation results and Sustainable Development Goals Index (SDGI) ranking showed 20 out of 32 matches, assuming a link between the circular economy and sustainable development could be made. The fixed-effect regression equation results demonstrate that the unemployment rate, poverty rate, air pollution exposure, and CO2 emission per capita negatively influence sustainable development. In contrast, indicators such as gross domestic expenditure on R&D, renewable energy, number of passenger cars in use, and households with Internet access positively impact SDGI. The hypothesis that the circular economy is seen as an assistance for sustainable development and directly affects a country?s sustainability was approved. The paper contributes to the scientific literature in the field of circular economy and sustainable development interaction and could be seen as an assumption for new research directions, focusing on the linkage between circular economy and sustainable development. Moreover, the obtained results could contribute to a country?s policy-makers by highlighting the essential indicators of a circular economy that should be considered while forming the strategy of a country?s sustainable development.

Circular economy (CE) is a sustainable development strategy that is being proposed to tackle urgent problems of environmental degradation and resource scarcity. CE's 3R principles are to reduce, reuse and recycle materials. This study is a review of the rapidly growing literature on CE covering its concept and current practices and assessing its implementation. The review also serves as an assessment of the design, implementation and effectiveness of CE-related policies. It first presents the concept of CE and compares it with the current linear economy. The paper then introduces current practices that have been introduced and discusses standards for the assessment of CE's development and performance. Third, based on an analysis of literature, the paper identifies the underlying problems and challenges to CE in an entrepreneurial perspective. Finally, the review provides a conclusion on CE's current development and gives policy suggestions for its future development.

In this paper, based on the China's Circular Economy development indicators, with Group Method of Data Handing, the cycle of the network structure of China's regional Circular Economy is recognized in the following aspects: the economic development of Circular Economy, social development of Circular Economy and ¿3R¿ Principle of Circular Economy. On the basis of the cause-effect chart that regional Circular Economy system in China is produced by the system of linear equations fitted, the paper provides the general regional Circular Economy network structure and preliminarily defines the system attributes of regional Circular Economy development evaluation system. Two results are obtained in this paper, one is that there are a small amount of isolated indices in regional Circular Economy network and another is that the development law represented by the node-degree attributes of static network structure of Circular Economy is linear increasing. Finally, some China's Circular Economy development strategies are given from the angle of China's Circular Economy development internal structure.

Abstract. The article aims to substantiate the areas for improvement in the innovation statistics in Ukraine for information and analytical support of circular economy development. The lack of a measurement framework for the study of this model of economic development in Ukraine, as well as the understanding of the circular economy as a basis for the SDG implementation determine the relevance of the subject study. The authors focus on the following research questions: 1. To what extent are the indicators of SDG implementation in Ukraine related to the principles of the circular economy? 2. To what extent do Ukrainian innovation statistics assess the contribution of innovation activity to the development of a circular economy? 3. What statistical tools does the European Union use to measure the circular economy development and the impact of innovation on development progress? 4. What should be the system of indicators for the circular economy development in Ukraine and the contribution of innovation to this process? This study used systemic and comparative analysis to substantiate a set of indicators used to monitor the implementation of principles of a circular economy and the introduction of environmental innovations in Ukraine. According to our study of 183 indicators of implementing SDG in Ukraine, 28 of them are related to the principles of the circular economy, and most focus on such goals as «Responsible Production and Consumption», Affordable and Clean Energy, Decent Work and Economic growth. The selected indicators can be used as a database for monitoring the circular economy in Ukraine. However, the “blind spot” is the lack of indicators that measure progress of implementing the principle of reuse of resources, including secondary raw materials. In addition, there are no indicators in Ukrainian innovation statistics that measure the impact of innovation on the implementation of the principles of the closed-loop economy. A study of the EU’s experience shows that European statistics use three main tools to measure the circular economy development and innovation activity in this area: 1) Circular economy monitoring progress 2) European Innovation Scoreboard and Innovation Index 3) The Eco-Innovation Scoreboard and Eco- Innovation Index. Taking into account the European intent to integrate with Ukraine and the current state of Ukrainian statistical practice, the authors identify the following areas for its improvement: 1) the introduction of monitoring of the circular economy based on the selected indicators of the SDG and 2) expand the list of selected monitoring indicators by including indicators such as the use of circular materials and the level of recycling of various types of waste. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of a measurement framework that can be used as information and analytical support in governing the circular economy development in Ukraine. Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals, circular economy principles, innovation statistics, environmental innovation, Innovation Index, Eco-Innovation Index, monitoring, Ukraine, European Union.

Ocean pollution, plastic pollution, loss of biodiversity and climate change is global problems that receive increasing attention and need to be addressed urgently. Policies such as the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals or the EU’s ‘Strategy for Plastics in a Circular Economy’ show the increasing need for a more responsible handling of materials, products, wastes and residues. Innovative companies react and seek practical solutions that contribute to the development of the bio-based and circular economy. International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) support the circular and bio-based economy by offering a certification that promotes an environmentally, socially and economically sustainable production. The ISCC certification system is used globally for the chemical industry, packaging, industrial applications as well as in the food, feed and bioenergy markets. It provides credible sustainability certification for all types of agricultural and forestry raw materials, waste and residues, non-bio renewables, recycled carbon materials and the respective supply chains and is a leading global certification scheme for the biobased and circular economy. The presentation will offer a deepen overview of the solutions provided by ISCC for credible certification for a sustainable bioeconomy and circular economy. ISCC certification ensures sustainability, certification, feedstock identity and correct on-product claims. Different options for the certification of the supply chains will be presented: physical segregation and mass balance. The applied methods to guarantee that supply chains are deforestation-free will be explained in detail.

Toward a circular economy: The role of digitalization

Spatial Variation and Space Optimization of the Development of China’s Circular Economy