Abstract
Cytoskeleton exists in all eukaryotes and is involved in many significant cytobiological processes, especially the movements and developmental changes of plant cells. The cytoskeleton consists of microtubule (MT), microfilament (MF), and intermediate filament (IF). MT and MF are vital components of plant cytoskeleton. Crosslinking factor acts as a bridge between MF and MT. They play an important role in cellular life process and have always been a hot topic and key point in plant cytobiology, and the IF is a difficult point in this field. In this paper, the latest research on the cytoskeleton of plants is introduced, which focuses on the structure and dynamics of MT, MF, and IF, and summarizes the crosslinking factors between MT and MF. Also, the paper prospects the future research direction of plant cytoskeleton and the possible research hotspot, which provides a certain reference for people to continue to explore the function of plant cytoskeleton in the future.
Highlights
The cytoskeleton is a three-dimensional reticular structure intertwined with protein fibers, almost distributed in the inner space of the whole cell, and connected with the cytoplasmic membrane, nuclear membrane, and organelle
Auxin reaction factor 8 (ARF8) and MT are involved in regulating the elongation of hypocotyls and stamens in Arabidopsis thaliana, but there is no direct evidence [22]
According to the regulation of the dynamic assembly function of MF, actin-binding protein (ABP) can be divided into the following categories: MF nucleation promoters, actinrelated protein 2/3 complex (Arp2/3 complex), formin, villin, fimbrin, profilin, capping protein (CP), MF cleavage protein, etc
Summary
The cytoskeleton is a three-dimensional reticular structure intertwined with protein fibers, almost distributed in the inner space of the whole cell, and connected with the cytoplasmic membrane, nuclear membrane, and organelle. The cytoskeleton is an intrinsic supporting structure for cell survival and composed of MT, MF and IF. The cytoskeleton is a crucial filament network that maintains cell morphology, internal arrangement and normal physiological function [1]. Cytoskeleton can assist in the transfer or movement of proteins, vesicles and organelles in the cell [2] and assist plants to respond to gravity changes. The cytoskeletal tissues and dynamics enhance plant tolerance to stress by regulating intracellular activities. This paper expounds the important role of the cytoskeleton in plant cells from four aspects: the tissues and dynamics of MT, MF, IF and crosslinking factors in plant cells
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