Abstract
Publisher Summary Photoreceptors are structures containing photosensitive pigments (chlorophyll and retinene) that upon light absorption initiate phototropisms, photosynthesis, and vision. The photoreceptors in plant cells are the chloroplast for photosynthesis; in animal cells they are the retinal rods and cones for vision. The structure of these photoreceptors in a variety of plant and animal species are described in the chapter and a molecular structure for both the chloroplast and retinal rod is reviewed. The techniques of microscopy, polarization, fluorescence, phase, and interference microscopy, are the most direct methods for obtaining information on the structure of photoreceptors. Animals, in the course of evolution, have developed various kinds of eyes for light perception and image formation. For example, in invertebrates, eyespots, sensory cells, ocelli, and compound eyes have developed with differences in physical organization. In vertebrates, the photoreceptors are the retinal rods and cones.
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