The Peter Fookes Engineering Geological Legacy in Geomodels, Geomaterials and Geomorphology: an introduction

ENGINEERING covers such a wide field that students find little time available for courses which are outside the main scope of its studies. It can be argued that it is of benefit to those pursuing any vocational training to study some subject which tends to widen their interests, and from this point of view geology has many advantages, since most engineers are brought face to face with its teachings in areas and countries to which their vocation leads them. For this purpose the subject should be presented in an interesting form relieved so far as possible from the jargon which has gathered around it, in common with every other scientific subject at the present day. A Geology for Engineers By F. G. H. Blyth. Pp. viii + 302 + 16 plates. (London: Edward Arnold and Co., 1943.) 21s. net.

Cancer has been in existence longer than human beings, and man has been facing the illness ever since he made his appearance on Earth. Amazingly, the first human cancer gene was cloned only thirty years ago. This, and other extraordinary scientific goals achieved by molecular cancer research in the last 30 years, seems to suggest that definitive answers and solutions to this severe disease have been finally found. This was not the case, as cancer still remains to be defeated. To do so, cancer must be first understood.This review highlights how cancer onset and progression has been tackled from ancient times to present day. Old theories and achievements have provided the pillars of cancer understanding, in laying the basis of 'modern era' cancer research, are discussed. The review highlights the discovery of oncogenes and suppressor tumor genes, underlining the crucial role of these achievements in cancer diagnosis and therapies. Finally, an overview of how the modern technologies have given impetuous to expedite these goals is also considered.

The largest environmental remediation project in human history has begun – that of removing hundreds of billions of tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from the atmosphere over the coming century. This removal, together with deep and rapid emissions reduction, will be essential in preventing dangerous climate change. This briefing introduces the field of geochemical CO 2 removal (gCDR), which proposes to accelerate the natural reaction of atmospheric CO 2 with rocks or anthropogenic materials. It also explores the critical role that geoenvironmental engineers and geoscientists will have in researching and deploying these technologies. While currently at an early stage of development, it is possible that gCDR will operate at a global scale (billion tonnes of CO 2 per year) by mid/late-century, resulting in an industry that generates hundreds of billions to a trillion dollars in annual revenue, equivalent in scale to the present-day oil industry. The core technical competencies of this industry will be derived from geoscience disciplines requiring the contribution of thousands and possibly tens of thousands of workers globally. To realize these opportunities, our community needs to lead in the development of gCDR, help to pioneer its deployment, create standards for monitoring and verification, and incorporate gCDR into existing education programmes and professional development. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Climate change and resilience in Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/Climate-change-and-resilience-in-engineering-geology-and-hydrogeology

At the invitation of Professor C. A. O'Flaherty the 1971 Regional Meeting of the Engineering Group was held at the University of Leeds in conjunction with the Centre for Transport Studies. Attendance of over two hundred delegates, half of whom were Fellows of the Society, for the four days of the meeting attests to the predominance of motorways and roads in present day civil engineering and associated engineering geological activities. With such numbers, the organization and smooth running of the conference, in all its facets, owed a great deal to the unobtrusive organizing ability of Mr J. T. Gleave, Director of Special Courses, and the special thanks of the Society are due to him and to the members of his staff in the Department of Adult Education and Extramural Studies, University of Leeds.

This chapter looks at the use of water in the modern economy, focusing on the period from the 1900s to the present day. Throughout human history, economic progress has been linked with increased water appropriation, control, and use. The global spread of industrialization from the 1900s onward further cemented this association. As a consequence, in today's economies, institutions, incentives, and innovations are geared toward finding and exploiting more freshwater resources. The result is an emerging global water crisis, which is predominantly a crisis of inadequate and poor water management. In the modern era, the global model for economic development has been the United States, and subsequently, many countries emulated the US approach to harnessing its water resources. Thus, how water management evolved in the US and other economies during the modern era has set the stage for today's water paradox.

Amplified climate change and ecological sensitivity of polar and cold climate environments are key global environment issues. Understanding how projected climate change will alter surface environments in these regions is only possible when present day source-to-sink fluxes can be quantified. The book provides the first global synthesis and integrated analysis of environmental drivers and quantitative rates of solute and sedimentary fluxes in cold environments, and the likely impact of projected climate change. The focus on largely undisturbed cold environments allows ongoing climate change effects to be detected and, moreover, distinguished from anthropogenic impacts. A novel approach for co-ordinated and integrative process geomorphic research is introduced to enable better comparison between studies. This highly topical and multidisciplinary book, which includes case studies covering Arctic, Antarctic, and alpine environments, will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in the fields of geomorphology, sedimentology and global environmental change.

This research explores the transition towards the modern era from the brutal scenario of World Wars I &II. Different kind of fiction was produced in this context and every writer has tried his/her level best to present that dilemma in his/her own way. It pre-sents a clear picture that which sort of elements were there to bring that specific change and transition towards the modern era in 20th century. It has brought the ur-ban settlements and rapid growth in the industrial deeds. During that specific time, fascism, consumer culture, surveillance, anti- intellectualism, media influence com-munism and totalitarianism were on the peak. All these factors lead the writers to create dystopian fiction and it formed a striking literary movement. This research is limited to the three dystopian novels of 20th century including Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, Lord of the Flies by William Golding and 1984 by George Orwell. This research is qualitative in nature, Marxist, Althusserian and Freudian theories support this research as a primary theoretical framework. This research is helpful to know about the Pre and Post World Wars scenario and to know about the socio-political scenario of the present day world.

The monograph "Man in the Mirror of Centuries" published in 2020 is reviewed. The search for the ideals of personality from Antiquity to the present day", by the authors of Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Education, member of the Union of Writers of Russia A. F. Kiselev and Rector of the Moscow State University, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Education A. V. Lubkov. The authors in their presentation, following the main milestones of the European history of thought – Antiquity and Rome, the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Modern Times and Enlightenment, German philosophy (from Kant to Nietzsche), psychological teachings of the late XIX – mid XX centuries (Freud, Maslow, Adler, Jung, Schubart), modernity (Camus, Spengler, Scheler, Heidegger, Ortega y Gasset, ideas of postmodernism and transhumanism), as cross-cutting for the entire European culture consider the ideas Antiquity about the role and place of man in the world. The main leitmotif of the book is the correlation of the lessons of previous societies and cultures with the state of affairs in modern society. Special attention is paid to the ideas of Michel de Montaigne, Blaise Pascal, Jan Amos Komensky, Nietzsche, Walter Schubart, Oswald Spengler, Max Scheler and others. In the last chapter, entitled "Man in the Modern World: in search of an answer to a Global Challenge," the modern era is characterized as a civilization in which the production of scientific knowledge determines all other relationships: social, cultural, interpersonal. However, knowledge and science not only liberate a person, but also enslave him, since today "useful" knowledge serving pragmatic tasks set by the economy is in the first place. The authors put forward the idea of an anthropological transition, where the main tool is education, the main direction is human development, and measures for such a transition are proposed. The book is addressed to everyone interested in history and philosophy. Рецензируется вышедшая в 2020 г. монография «Человек в зеркале столетий. Поиски идеалов личности от Античности до наших дней», авторов доктора исторических наук, профессора, академика Российской академии образования, члена Союза писателей России А. Ф. Киселева и ректора МПГУ, доктора исторических наук, профессора, члена-корреспондента Российской академии образования А. В. Лубкова. Авторы в своем изложении, следуя основным вехам европейской истории мысли – Античность и Рим, Средневековье, Возрождение, Новое время и Просвещение, немецкая философия (от Канта до Ницше), психологические учения конца XIX – середины XX веков (Фрейд, Маслоу, Адлер, Юнг, Шубарт), современность (Камю, Шпенглер, Шелер, Хайдеггер, Ортега-и-Гассет, идеи постмодернизма и трансгуманизма), в качестве сквозных для всей европейской культуры рассматривают идеи Античности о роли и месте человека в мире. Основной лейтмотив книги – это соотношение уроков предшествующих обществ и культур с положением дел в современном обществе. Особое внимание в работе уделено идеям Мишеля де Монтеня, Блеза Паскаля, Яна Амоса Коменского, Ницше, Вальтера Шубарта, Освальда Шпенглера, Макса Шелера и других. В последней главе, названной «Человек в современном мире: в поисках ответа на глобальный вызов», современная эпоха характеризуется как цивилизация, в которой производство научных знаний определяет все остальные отношения: социальные, культурные, межличностные. Однако знания и наука не только освобождают человека, но и закабаляют его, так как сегодня на первом месте «полезные» знания, обслуживающие прагматические задачи, которые ставит экономика. Авторы выдвигают идею антропологического перехода, где основной инструмент – образование, основное направление – развитие человека, и предлагаются меры к такому переходу. Книга адресована всем интересующимся историей и философией.

Without doubt, the most famous and instantly recognisable work of art associated with the Olympic Games is Myron's Discobolus. Originally produced in bronze in the fifth century BC, the work is now known primarily through later Roman copies in marble, discovered in Italy during the eighteenth century. Whilst much has been written about the Discobolus as an exemplar of antique art, less attention has been paid to the reception of the work in the modern era. Accordingly, this article shifts attention to the impact made by Myron's work in visual culture produced during the period of the modern Olympic Games; that is from the late nineteenth century to the present day. From Victorian public sculptures, to official Olympic films and posters, and even contemporary art produced for the Beijing Games of 2008, Myron's work has continued to cast an influential shadow over art practices related to the Games themselves, as it has been adopted, adapted and transformed to signify a host of new and frequently diverse meanings. The prominent display of the work at the British Museum in London during the Games of 2012 offers testimony to the work's enduring legacy and its relevance for spectators of the present day.

Bu çalışmada, “tarihsel gelişim” ve “kurmaca” ilişkisi, Jaques Lacan’ın özne teorisi dikkate alınarak sorgulanmıştır. Amaç, kurmacanın toplumsal değişimle ilişkisini kuramsal bir çerçevede ortaya koymak ve metnin ön plana çıkan özelliklerini “dilin inşa”sı bağlamında çözümlemektir. Buna göre kurmacanın toplumsal olayların/otoritelerin etkisiyle değişime uğradığı ve her dönemin tipik özelliklerini taşıyan güdümlü bir deneyimin sonucunda ortaya çıktığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın iddiasını desteklemek amacıyla dönemlerin karakteristik taraflarını yansıtabilecek iki metin (Oduncu ve Kızı, Felatun Bey ile Rakım Efendi) seçilmiştir. Dilin ve onun tarihsellikle olan bağı, Lacancı terminoloji ve örnek metinlerden kalkılarak irdelenmiştir. Lacan, teorisini “dil” ve onun iktidarı üzerinden kurar. İktidar olarak dil, sözlü kültürden günümüze dek dönemlerin değişmez yasalarında farklı kılıklarla ortaya çıkar. Her dönem esasında “önceki”ini –bastırılmış olanı- de içerir, bastırılmış olan bir tehdit unsuru olarak ve aynı zamanda kaybedilmiş olanın (nesne kaybının) kazanılabileceği düşüncesiyle hareket eder. Buna göre sözlü kültürde yalın, ideal ve değişmez özelliklere sahip, hayalî bir dünyanın hikâye anlatıcısıyla karşılaşmak mümkündür. Toplumun doğayla bütünlük kurma isteği ve “birey”in daha keşfedilmemiş olması okura farklı bir kurmaca deneyimi sunar. Buna karşılık yazılı kültüre geçişle birlikte akılcı yasaların etkisiyle anlatı, dış gerçekliği “nedensellik” yasası temelinde temsil etmeye başlar. Bu yasaların toplum üzerinde tahakküm kurduğu, modern dönemde Batılı olma fikrinin kurmacaya da sızdığı ve dilin bu fikirlerin taşıyıcılığını üstlendiği söylenebilir. Postmodern dönemde ise gerçekliğe duyulan güvenin azaldığı, şüphenin arttığı ve yerleşik anlatı yasalarının askıya alındığı gözlemlenebilir. Özellikle 1950’li yıllardan sonra metinlerin akıldışı bir üslûpla köktenci bir biçimde bütün dil yasalarını reddettiği tespit edilebilir.

Abstract: Transportation of prisoners during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries within the British Empire was principally from Britain and Ireland and typically to the Australian colonies. This article focuses on a much smaller scale of prisoner transfers by the executive, not transportation as a sentence imposed by the judiciary, between the Cayman Islands and Jamaica in the British West Indies. Such transfers were perhaps unsurprising during the period when the Cayman Islands were a dependency of Jamaica, but this practice continued during the late twentieth century following Jamaican independence. The historical development of what is now a relic of the past but still on the statute book of the present is uncovered by focusing on three distinct periods: before Jamaican independence; the period shortly after; and finally, from the establishment of a prison service to the present day. It will be argued that the colonial legacies of prison management in the late nineteenth century have pervaded until the present day, with executive power vested in the government to implement such transfers with little or no judicial oversight. Jamaican independence effectively removed any oversight relating to European Convention on Human Rights violations by a state party for prisoners relocated to another jurisdiction. Examples will be given of instances where a relatively short-term prison sentence, accompanied with a fine, has transformed into a much harsher result of incarceration overseas with inevitable, although perhaps not expressly intended, and additional punitive measures such as few family visits or a lack of any community rehabilitation and reintegration into the country of origin. This questions whether the practice of sending prisoners to Jamaica was for punishment, or as punishment, as well as uncovers legacies of colonialism in the modern era.

<p>Our self and communal identity is important for everyday life. Our identity determines how we act, where we live, who we love, and how we worship. Identity is especially important in a religious context, including the religious community of the Waldensians. Do the present day Waldensians share an identity with their medieval ancestors; how is this identity constructed? I argue that the medieval and modern day Waldensians create a similar cultural and religious identity which is constructed through three specific practices: the commitment to the vita apostolica, medical practices, and education and the perpetuation of a historical narrative. Although these practices have evolved with modernity the summation of the practices form a coherent communal identity across time.</p> <p>In order to demonstrate the shared cultural and religious identity of the Waldensians of the Middle Ages and present day I examined inquisitorial documents, religious tracts, pamphlets, and conducted interviews. I have set these findings in the larger social context of the Middle Ages and Modern Era in order to show that although similarities of practice exist with other groups the summation of the three specific practices especially with the creation and perpetuation of a historical narrative creates a unique communal identity. This is important for future examination of other religious communities and how similar communal identities do not negate uniqueness of the said community. This study also shows that the evolution of practices does not detract from the continuation of communal identity. Thus although the cultural practices of the Waldensians evolved over time the communal identity remained strong and continues to thrive today.</p>

The Tree of Life is an ancient symbol, important in all cultures. It has a significant role in the Eastern religions as well as from early Christian art to our present days. There are multiple connotations also in the Old and New Testament like diverse interpretations by theologians of specific religions. The symbol is also present in our modern era, especially in the environmental culture and applied arts. Skilled craftsmen of folk and traditional arts preserved this archaic design down to the present day.

Trans-disciplinary research methods and data from archaeology, geology, hydrology, and hydraulic engineering are successfully merged to reevaluate hydrodynamic effects of Roman hydraulic structures at a Rhine river harbour. The archaeological site Colonia Ulpia Traiana, is characterized by its exceptional preservation, providing ample research data on its river harbour. Constructed by the Romans, the berthing area is lined by a wooden quay-wall. Setting this harbour apart is its up-stream tip, which is fitted with a unique hydraulic structure with unknown purpose. Structure related hydrodynamic impacts on the historic Rhine regime are examined by introducing a novel cross-scale multi model approach, consisting of three steps: (i) Scaled physical experiments are performed to investigate the roughness influence of the wooden quay on a local scale. (ii) A numerical representation of the physical experiments is done in Delft3D, validating a linear loss term to accurately capture the roughness influence on the velocity distribution. (iii) A mid-scale Rhine river model of the area is generated that approximates the historic river bathymetry through morphological evolution. The quay-wall is implemented in parametric form and induces a substantial velocity reduction throughout the harbour. The unique structure exhibits hydromechanic properties mimicking present day current-deflection walls, potentially rendering it their primal prototype.

Well logging in the petroleum industry has been developed over five decades into a mature industry, whereas geothermal well logging is a relatively new enterprise. Fundamental differences also occur in the geologic environments and key objectives of both logging applications. Geothermal reservoirs are frequently in fractured igneous and metamorphic rocks, which contain hot water or stem at temperature exceeding 150°C. The discussion focuses on present day logging technology, geologic and reservoir engineering objectives, and qualitive and quantitative formation interpretation techniques for geothermal resource evaluation. Specific field case studies illustrate the interpretive state-of-the-art, including examples from the Geysers dry steam field in the Imperial Valley of California, hot water fields in California, Nevada, and Idaho, and the LASL Hot Dry Rock test project in the Valles Caldera of New Mexico.