Abstract
The subfamily Avian Oncovirinae of the family Retroviridae is composed of avian leukosis viruses (ALVs), which transform target cells slowly, and avian sarcoma viruses (ASVs) and avian (acute) defective leukemia viruses (DLVs), which transform target cells relatively rapidly. Before this subdivision was made, the entire group was called avian leukosis/sarcoma viruses, avian type C viruses, avian oncorna and avian oncoviruses. The subdivision is used in this monograph to facilitate the discussion of the genomic structure of the avian retroviruses in other Chapters. It should be recognized, however, that the pathologic expression of the various avian retroviruses is variable and depends on many factors other than belonging to ALV, ASV, or DLV. For example, field and laboratory isolates of avian retroviruses induce various leukemias, but it is not clear what proportion of the leukemias are caused by ALVs or DLVs or even ASVs. Also, nothing is known of the genomic structure of the field viruses that cause the occasional outbreaks of sarcomas, erythroblastosis, myelocytomatosis or other tumors.
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