The Path to a Carbon Neutral Economy: Current Status and Challenges of Korea's Climate Technologies

This paper provides a systematic visualization of the development, current status and challenges of salt cavern hydrogen storage technology based on the relevant literature from the past five years in the Web of Science Core Collection database. Using VOSviewer (version 1.6.20) and CiteSpace software (advanced version 6.3.R3), this study analyzes the field from a knowledge mapping perspective. The findings reveal that global research hotspots are primarily focused on multi-energy collaboration, integration of renewable energy systems and exploration of commercialization, highlighting the essential role of salt cavern hydrogen storage in driving the energy transition and promoting sustainable development. In China, research mainly concentrates on theoretical innovations and technological optimizations to address complex geological conditions. Despite the rapid growth in the number of Chinese publications, unresolved challenges remain, such as the complexity of layered salt rock, and thermodynamic coupling effects during high-frequency injection and extraction, as well as issues concerning permeability and microbial activity. Moving forward, China’s salt cavern hydrogen storage technology should focus on strengthening engineering practices suited to local geological conditions and enhancing the application of intelligent technologies, thereby facilitating the translation of theoretical research into practical applications.

In recent years, continuous manufacturing technology has attracted considerable attention in the pharmaceutical industry. This technology is highly sought after for its significant advantages in cost reduction, increased efficiency, and improved productivity, making it a growing trend in the future of the pharmaceutical industry. Compared to traditional batch production methods, continuous manufacturing technology features real-time control and environmentally friendly intelligence, enabling pharmaceutical companies to produce drugs more efficiently. However, the adoption of continuous manufacturing technology has been slow in the field of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) pharmaceuticals. On the one hand, there is insufficient research on continuous manufacturing equipment and technology that align with the characteristics of TCM preparations. On the other hand, the scarcity of talent with diverse expertise hampers its development. Therefore, in order to promote the modernization and upgrading of the TCM pharmaceutical industry, this article combined the current development status of the TCM industry to outline the development status and regulatory requirements of continuous manufacturing technology. At the same time, it analyzed the problems with existing TCM manufacturing models and explored the prospects and challenges of applying continuous manufacturing technology in the field of TCM pharmaceuticals. The analysis focused on continuous manufacturing control strategies, technical tools, and pharmaceutical equipment, aiming to provide targeted recommendations to drive the development of the TCM pharmaceutical industry.

Educational resource data are a collection of final documents obtained by users, including full‐text journals, books, dissertations, newspapers, conference papers, and other database materials. While searching for information in the educational resource database, these resources also have functions such as copying, downloading, reproduction, and dissemination, which raise the issue of expression and protection of intellectual property. Machine learning takes how computers simulate human learning behaviors as the main research content, which can independently determine learning objects, construct their characteristics, perform additional operations beyond the limitations of preset instructions, and discover value from the expression of relative works. On the basis of summarizing and analyzing previous research works, this paper expounded the current research status and significance of intellectual property expression and protection of educational resource data; elaborated the development background, current status, and future challenges of machine learning technology; introduced the methods and principles of data classification algorithm and protection authority identification; performed the technical framework design and expression system establishment of the intellectual property expression of educational resource data based on machine learning; analyzed the mode optimization and rule management of intellectual property protection of educational resource data based on machine learning; and finally conducted a simulation experiment and its result analysis. The results show that the machine learning technology can build a subject‐oriented, highly integrated, and time‐changing educational resource data storage environment; the comprehensive, analysis‐oriented decision‐supporting system formed by machine learning can give full play to the potential role of data integration and value discovery and is therefore of great significance for the intellectual property expression and protection of integrated and complexly‐related educational resource data. The study results of this paper provide a reference for further research on the intellectual property expression and protection of educational resource data based on machine learning.

Abstract. Autonomous driving technology is one of the most groundbreaking innovations in the automotive industry in recent years. This article will explore the latest trends in autonomous driving, analyzing its historical development, current status, and future prospects, while also assessing its potential across different application scenarios. With the support of data and illustrations, this article aims to provide a comprehensive perspective to understand the development and challenges of this technology. As technology progresses, autonomous driving will significantly enhance traffic safety, efficiency, and convenience, ultimately leading the transportation industry into a new era. Although current autonomous driving systems still face challenges such as boundary identification and safety concerns, ongoing research and innovation across various fields will drive continuous improvements. In the future, autonomous driving is expected to become part of mainstream transportation, not only boosting traffic efficiency but also reducing the workload of drivers and lowering the incidence of traffic accidents. Plans for its widespread global adoption are already underway.

Acid mine drainage (AMD), arising from mineral resource exploitation, has transformed into a significant global environmental issue for the mining sector, posing considerable risks to water, soil, ecosystems, and human health. In this study, the current status and cutting-edge dynamics of AMD remediation research were evaluated using a bibliometrics approach. Publications on AMD remediation were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database, and the relevant literature was analyzed quantitatively using various statistical methods, including keyword co-occurrence and burst analysis. In total, 2743 articles related to AMD remediation published from 1990 to 2023 were obtained. The number of publications tended to increase annually, with a relatively fast rate of increase in recent years. Recent research related to AMD remediation has mainly focused on the ecological risks, the environmental geochemical cycling, the application of sulfate-reducing bacteria and adsorption, and the recovery of heavy metals (HMs) and rare earth elements (REEs). It is anticipated that these topics of AMD remediation research are expected to be at the forefront of future research endeavors. In addition, the current status, advantages, and challenges of AMD remediation technologies are discussed from both active and passive management perspectives, providing a theoretical basis and reference for AMD remediation.

Abstract. The latest intelligent and automatically adjustable prescription glasses are mainly a combination of smart glasses and AI algorithms - adding some basic information about the customer's eyes, such as left and right eye vision, eye curvature, eye wheelbase, etc., to the device bound to the smart glasses. AI will use this basic information to estimate the approximate monthly increase in prescription, and automatically change the thickness of the lens through a driver to achieve the function of automatically adjusting prescription for the customer. In the future - an era where the population of myopia is rapidly growing and the cost of corrective lenses becomes a burden for many people - smart adjustable degree glasses not only have cost-effectiveness and adaptability to the times, but can also monitor eye health and provide real-time feedback to users. This has the great potential to change the game rules for managing myopia progression, especially for young people at the highest risk. But to achieve this vision, the technological challenges are also extremely high - the current development status of machine learning, sensor technology, and miniaturization technology is not sufficient to support the development of intelligent adjustable degree glasses; In addition, significant technological improvements are needed for battery life, comfort, data accuracy, and the adaptability of AI models to different user needs.

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances （PFASs） are a class of emerging contaminants frequently detected in source water and drinking water. They are characterized by persistence， resistance to degradation， and various biological toxicities， posing serious risks to the environment and human health. In recent years， researchers have begun to explore ways to remove PFASs from drinking water. It is of great significance to clarify the current status and challenges of advanced purification technologies of PFASs for further research and technological innovation in this field. Based on the data-driven quantitative analysis of relevant papers， typical types， physicochemical properties， and environmental risks of PFASs were systematically categorized， and their control requirements and distribution status in surface water， groundwater， and drinking water were comprehensively reviewed. The research status and mechanism of PFASs removal technologies were analyzed， further revealing research hotspots and development trends in this field. The potential challenges were further analyzed， and the opportunities for future innovation in advanced purification technologies of PFASs were forecasted， such as the application of materials genomics， membrane separation materials based on the physical properties of water molecules， and micro/nano reactors， aiming to provide references for the efficient removal and risk reduction of PFASs in drinking water.

The traditional methods of urban landscape planning and design cannot integrate designs into the entire planning scenes planning processes, and cannot efficiently, intuitively and coordinately express planning effects of multiple schemes and large scenes. With the development of computer science and technology, virtual reality (VR) technology, which is based on similar theory, mathematical theory, control theory, and graphics processing theory, is playing an important role in many aspects of urban landscape planning and design. On the basis of summarizing and analyzing previous research works, this article expounded the research status and significances of three-dimensional (3D) visualized urban landscape planning and design, elaborated the development background, current status and future challenges of VR technology, introduced the methods and principles of spatial roaming sorting algorithm and evaluation indicator screening and system construction, established 3D database and virtual scene model of urban landscapes, performed 3D visualized urban landscape modeling, realized 3D presentation of virtual scene landscape, discussed the integration and optimization of landscape design schemes, analyzed the 3D modeling and interactive adjustment of the landscape planning and design schemes, and finally conducted simulation experiment and its result analysis. The results show that the VR technology provides designer with realistic information processing effects through intelligent drawing, full display and timely information, which greatly improves design efficiency and effectively promotes design quality; the 3D visualized technology can transmit a large number of information through graphics in a short time, enabling professionals to intuitively and quickly observe test results or interactively process these results.

In the field of green environmental design, the design system of environmental art is a complex and multidimensional cross‐domain fusion system, which can be regarded as a large task system. The development model that combines artificial intelligence (AI) technology and green environment design can not only integrate and analyze problems quickly and efficiently but also provide designers with new design ideas, gradually extending traditional environment design concepts, producing more diverse artistic creation methods, and shifting from a fixed application model to a more diversified artistic development. Therefore, on the basis of summarizing and analyzing previous research works, this paper expounded the research status and significance of green environment design, elaborated the development background, current status, and future challenges of AI technology, introduced the network topology and platform frame structures of green environment design under the AI background, constructed a technical framework of green environment design under the AI background, analyzed the methods and principles of program design and function development, proposed the application model of green environment design under the AI background, conducted design function model optimization and intelligent design process analysis, and finally discussed the evaluation indicators and hierarchical analysis of the green environment design under the AI background. The results show that the application mode of combining AI technology and green environment design can not only help designers break through traditional time and space barriers and use multidimensional thinking but also help designers have a new understanding of artistic design concept and give full play to the advantages of artificial intelligence in a green environment. The study results of this paper provide a reference for further research on the application mode of green environment design under the AI background.

Techno-economic challenges of tidal energy conversion systems: Current status and trends

The advancement of new energy vehicle charging technology is of great significance to increasing the cruising range of electric vehicles, shortening charging time, and enhancing user experience. Studying the development direction of new energy vehicle charging technology will help promote the improvement of charging infrastructure and promote the large-scale popularization of new energy vehicles. This article elaborates on the current status, development direction, and challenges of new energy vehicle charging technology, and on this basis puts forward corresponding conclusions and suggestions.

This book introduces two important kinds of next-generation batteries: the lithium-sulfur battery and the lithium-air (or lithium-oxygen) battery. Both batteries have very high theoretical specific energy (2600 and 13,000 Wh/kg respectively), which could contribute to a longer use life of electronic devices. Based on the current available literatures, technical reports and data, a comprehensive review is made to introduce the basic principles, historical development, current status and future challenges of both battery technologies.

Regional cultural and creative products are paying more attention to the cultural core of their design and communication, while satisfying the basic design elements of appearance, function, and aesthetics; therefore, agricultural cultural and creative image (ACCI) also has its dual attributes of culture and commerce. Virtual reality (VR) animation technology can integrate video, text, and model into one, comprehensively display the three-dimensional digital content of regional cultural characteristics, bring users an immersive viewing experience, and enhance their interest in traditional culture, beneficial to the spreading and inheriting traditional culture. On the basis of summarizing and analyzing previous research works, this paper analyzed the development background, current status, and future challenges of VR animation technology and expounded the research situation and significance of design and dissemination of ACCI. Further, this paper proposed the design method, communication model, and approaches of ACCI based on VR animation technology, explored the reshaping of ACCI’s digital elements, resolution of ACCI’s artistic features, and discovery of ACCI’s artistic values, constructed the platform architecture and implementation technology of VR animation, and finally discussed the issue of the integration and innovation of cultural products and VR animation technology. Excellent regional cultural and creative products can achieve the multiple goals of promoting product sales, improving design aesthetics, and spreading cultural characteristics by pursuing cultural and creative values. The ACCI based on VR animation technology not only makes customers pay attention to the agricultural brands and consuming their products but also promotes regional identity and disseminate regional culture, inspiring the potential awareness of tourism and shopping and driving the economic development.

Lightweight technology refers to the technology of reducing the structural mass by optimizing materials, structures and manufacturing processes while meeting the requirements of structural performance. It has become one of the key technologies for the development of the new generation of aerospace equipment. This paper first analyzes the development history of lightweight technology. Secondly, from the perspectives of design principles, composition methods and optimization methods, three types of lightweight design methods are introduced: bionic structure design, cellular structure design and efficient topology optimization design. Then, from the perspective of lightweight manufacturing processes and modes, the application of additive manufacturing, collaborative manufacturing and composite material manufacturing in lightweight manufacturing of aerospace structures is explained. Finally, the challenges and future development of lightweight technology are discussed.

Historical trajectory, current status, and future challenges of powder engines and propellant supply technologies: A comprehensive review