Abstract
Cellular responses to implanted biomaterials are key to understanding osseointegration. The aim of this investigation was to determine the in vitro priming and activation of the respiratory burst activity of monocytes in response to surface-modified titanium. Human peripheral blood monocytes of healthy blood donors were separated, then incubated with surface-modified grade 2 commercially pure titanium (CPT) disks with a range of known surface energies and surface roughness for 30- or 60-min. Secondary stimulation by phorbol 12-myrisate 13-acetate (PMA) following the priming phase, and luminol-enhanced-chemiluminescence (LCL) was used to monitor oxygen-dependent activity. Comparison among groups was made by incubation time using one-way ANOVA. One sample from each group for each phase of the experiment was viewed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and qualitative comparisons made. The results indicate that titanium is capable of priming peripheral blood monocytes following 60-min incubation. In contrast, 30 min incubation time lead to reduced LCL on secondary stimulation as compared to cells alone. At both time intervals, the disk with the lowest surface energy produced significantly less LCL compared to other samples. SEM examination revealed differences in surface morphology at different time points but not between differently surface-modified disks. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the titanium surface characteristics influenced the monocyte activity, which may be important in regulating the healing response to these materials.
Highlights
The use of endosseous dental implants to support restorations replacing missing teeth has become well established since the introduction of titanium dental implants [1, 2]
LCL above background levels was not detected until stimulation by phorbol 12-myrisate 13-acetate (PMA) had occurred, indicating that the titanium surface alone did not stimulate the cells
One of the factors possibly contributing to improved success rates of microrough implant surfaces is the reaction of the initial inflammatory cells populating the implant surface immediately after being placed in the surgically prepared osteotomy site
Summary
The use of endosseous dental implants to support restorations replacing missing teeth has become well established since the introduction of titanium dental implants [1, 2]. The vascular nature of bone and the inevitable surgical trauma created by the implant site preparation, ensures that the first tissue to come into contact with an endosseous implant is blood with its complement of inflammatory cells [10,11,12]. While these early interactions between the inflammatory cells and the implant surface are thought to be important, much still needs to be determined about the nature of these interactions
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