The overlooked risk in drop jump protocols: higher body weight as a catalyst for increased muscle damage.

Health hazards of obesity have been recognized for centuries, appearing, for example, in writings attributed to Hippocrates. From the later decades of the 20th century through the present, there have been numerous epidemiological studies of the relationship between excess weight and the total, or all-cause, mortality rate,1 a critical cumulative measure of the public health impact of any health condition. Using body mass index (BMI), an indicator of relative weight for height (weight [kg]/height [m]2) and a frequently used surrogate for assessment of excess body fat, these studies have found linear, U-shaped, or J-shaped relationships between total mortality and BMI. That is, in some studies, both the thin and the obese were more likely to die than those in between. There is, however, always a point at which increasing BMI is associated with increasing mortality risk, but the BMI at which this occurs varies across studies and populations.2 Currently,3 overweight in adults is defined as a BMI of 25.0 to <30.0 kg/m2 and obesity as a BMI of ≥30.0 kg/m2 (Table 1). A number of studies have found no significant relationship between BMI in the overweight range and mortality rate4 and have shown the nadir of mortality risk to be in the overweight range. In particular, commentaries in both the lay press5–7 and scientific literature2,8,9 subsequent to recent reports from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES)10,11 have highlighted the confusion and controversy regarding this issue. Some have interpreted the recent data to mean that overweight is not detrimental to health and is not in itself a public health concern and that drawing attention to the need for weight loss in this range will have negative effects on the health and well-being of the general population.8 Others have argued …

To analysis the relationship between different BMI (body mass index) and the clinical characteristics, laboratory examination indexes of newly diagnosed adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), so as to investigate the effects of BMI to the efficacy of first induction chemotherapy. The clinical data of 145 newly diagnosed adult AML patients treated in the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from August 2015 to August 2019 were retrospective analyzed. According to the guidelines for prevention and control of overweight and obesity in Chinese adults, the BMI (kg/m2) of the selected AML patients before induction chemotherapy was calculated and the patients were divided into the low body mass group (BMI<18.5), the normal body mass group (18.5 ≤BMI ≤23.9) and the overweight and obese group (BMI ≥24). The clinical data of the patients, including sex, age, risk stratification,the types of leukemia, gene mutation, complications, length of hospital stay and other clinical features; white blood cell (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), albumin, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and other laboratory index; agra-nulocytosis with fever, infection of etiology, lack of granulocyte duration, significant bleeding, liver and kidney toxicity of chemotherapy adverse reactions associated indicators and Morphological remission were collected. The induction chemotherapy regimen was the standard chemotherapy regimen (anthracyclines combined with cytarabine). Among the 145 newly diagnosed adult AML patients, there were 71 males and 74 females. The median age was 50 years old(range 18 to 82 years old). There were 21 patients in underweight group (14.5%), 79 patients in normal weight group (54.5%), and 45 patients in overweight and obese group (31.0%). The patients with higher BMI level showed the older in age（P=0.018）. There were significant differences in sex between the patients in each group(P=0.035). In overweight and obese patients, the number of male was significantly higher than female. There were no statistical differences in AML classification, comorbidities(Diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease), hospital days, whether secondary AML and FLT3 gene mutation among the patients in different BMI groups. There were significant differences in TG of the patients in the different groups, the overweight and obese patients were higher (P=0.007). There were no significant differences in WBC and Hb counts, ALB, TC, HDL, LDL, or LDH between the patients in each BMI group at newly diagnosed. The complete remission rate of the patients in the low body mass group or overweight and obese group were lower than that in the normal body weight group (P=0.035). The rate of documented infection during the first induction chemotherapy were significantly higher for the patients in low body mass group than those in normal weight group or overweight and obese group (P=0.038). There was no statistical difference in chemotherapy regimens, the number of chemotherapy until CR, febrile neutropenia, bleeding, and the time of neutropenia, liver and kidney toxicity among each BMI group. Multivariate analysis showed that overweight and obese (P=0.012) , FLT3 mutation (P=0.015) were the risk factors affecting the CR rate of the patients. And the patients with secondary AML, high-risk type, and newly diagnosed WBC ≥50×109/L showed lower CR rate, but there was no statistical difference in the patients of each group. In newly diagnosed adult patients with AML, low body mass, overweight and obesity, and FLT3 mutations were the factors reducing the early efficacy of AML patients. There were more adverse reactions induced by chemotherapy in the low body mass group. Therefore, inappropriate BMI level can be a risk factor for assessing the prognosis of adults with newly diagnosed AML.

Objective To compare the surgical outcome of robotic and laparoscopic radical gastectomy in patients with normal weight and overweight. Methods From Jun. 2012 to Jun. 2017, a total of 515 patients with gastric cancer who underwent robotic gastrectomy (RG, n=302) or laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG, n=213) in our department were retrospectively analysed. Patients were categorized into normal weight(body mass index <24 kg/m2) or overweight (body mass index≥24 kg/m2) group. The perioperative outcomes of RG or LG were compared in the two groups. Results In both normal weight and overweight group, RG shown longer operation time [(219.7 ± 40.3)min vs (190.1 ± 38.5)min, P 0.05). There were more retrieved lymph nodes in the normal weight group by RG [(26.0 ± 9.6) vs (21.8 ± 9.5), P<0.000]. However, it was not significantly different in the overweight group [(22.9 ± 7.2) vs (22.3 ± 9.5), P= 0.310]. Conclusions RG is safe and effective in both normal weight and overweight group. RG may have the advantage of more retrieved lymph nodes in the normal weight group compared with LG. Key words: Robot; Laparoscopy; Gastrectomy; Overweight; Body mass index

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:We examined the effect of body mass index in early pregnancy on pregnancy outcome since no study in Saudi Arabia has addressed this question.METHODS:This prospective cohort study involved women registered for antenatal care during the first month of pregnancy at primary health care centers in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Data was collected from records and by direct interview.RESULTS:The study included 787 women. Compared to normal weight women (n=307), overweight (n=187) and obese (n=226) women were at increased risk for pregnancy-induced hypertension (RR=4.9 [95% CI 1.6-11.1] and 6.1 [95% CI 2.1-17.8], respectively), gestational diabetes (RR=4.4 [95% CI 1.2-16.3] and 8.6 [95% CI 2.6-28.8]), preeclamptic toxemia (RR=3.8 [95% CI 1.1-14.6] and 5.9 [95% CI 1.7-20.4]), urinary tract infections (RR=1.4 [95% CI 0.5-3.9] and 3.7 [95% CI 1.7-6.2]), and cesarean delivery (RR=2.0 [95% CI 1.3-3.0] in obese women). Neonates born to obese women had an increased risk for postdate pregnancy (RR=3.7 [95% CI 1.2-11.6]), macrosomia (RR=6.8 [95% CI 1.5-30.7]), low 1-minute Apgar score (RR=1.9 [95% CI 1.1-3.6]), and admission to neonatal care units (RR=2.1 [95% CI 1.2-2.7]). On the other hand, low birth weight was less frequent among obese women (RR=0.5 [95% CI 0.3-0.9]) while the risk was high among underweight women (RR=2.3 [95% CI 1.4-3.8])CONCLUSION:Even with adequate prenatal care, overweight and obesity can adversely affect pregnancy outcomes.

Objective To investigate the relationship of pulmonary function and metabolic indexes in overweight as well as obesity people.Methods Three hundred and five health examination adults were selected as our subjects.The basic parameters,metabolic indexes and pulmonary function were measured.Of which,pulmonary function indexes include forced vital capacity (FVC),forced expiratory volume in one(FEV1),peak expiratory flow(PEF),the ratio of the forced expiratory volume in the first one second to the forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC),the ratio of the forced expiratory volume in the first one second to the vital capacity(FEV1/VC),maximal expiratory flow after 50％ of the FVC (MEF50),maximal expiratory flow after 25％ of the FVC (MEF25),and each index value of lung function was expressed the ratio of the measured value/the predictive value.Metabolic indexes include triglycerides (TG),total cholesterol (TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),fasting plasma glucose (FPG)),C-reactive protein (CRP),high-sensitivity C-reactive (hs-CRP),superoxide dismutase(SOD),systoloc blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP).Statistical analysis methods include one-way analysis of variance and Spearman correlation analysis.Results The levels of FVC,FEV1,FEV1/FVC in overweight and the obesity group were (85.74 ± 13.94)％ and (82.85±13.34)％,(84.52 ± 14.62)％ and (82.74 ± 14.18)％,(103.40 ± 13.05)％ and (103.17 ±8.99)％respectively,lower than that of normal weight group [(95.79 ± 26.83) ％,(92.65 ± 26.93) ％,(99.98± 11.88) ％,all P values less than 0.05)].Compared with the normal weight group,the levels of TG,SBP,FPG in overweight group and the obesity group were significantly increased.The levels of LDL-C,DBP,hs-CRP in obesity were (5.05 ± 0.83) rmtmol/L,(86.64 ± 10.49) mmHg,(3.74 ± 5.51) mg/L respectively,higher than that of normal group [(3.08 ±0.96) mmol/L,(77.69 ± 13.20) mmHg,(2.33 ±4.67) mg/L,P ＜0.05)].SOD activities in overweight and obesity group were (140.82 ± 13.16),(144.89 ± 13.82) U/L respectively,significantly lower than that of normal weight group[(148.64 ± 14.94) U/L,P ＜0.05)).The levels of SBP,DBP,hs-CRP in the over weight group were (127.77 ± 19.07) mmHg,(80.87 ± 12.21) mmHg,(2.31± 3.73) mg/L),higher than that of obesity group.Among metabolic indices,TG,SBP,DBP,FBG,CRP,hs-CRP and SOD were related with FVC (r =-0.129,-0.129,-0.136,-0.180,-0.220,-0.217 respectively,P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).There was negatively correlated relationship between SBP,FBG,CRP,hs-CRP and FEV1 (r =-0.128,-0.127,-0.148,-0.198 respectively,P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01),So were SBP,CRP,hs-CRP and PEF (r =-0.137,-0.117,-0.133 respectively,P ＜ 0.05).Negatively correlated relationship between hsCRP,SBP and MEF50 were seen (r =-0.126,-0.124,P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile there was negatively correlated relationship between SOD and FVC,FEV1/FEV,PEF,MEF50 (r =0.149,0.094,0.119,0.141,0.129respectively,P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Impaired pulmonary function and metabolic disorders were showed in the overweight and obesity people.Metabolic indexes were related with pulmonary function. Key words: Body mass index; Pulmonary function; Metabolic indexes

To compare obese with normal and overweight type 2 diabetic patients regarding body mass index (BMI) and cardiovascular risk factors, and to analyse changes in weight versus risk factors. A cross-sectional study of 44 042 type 2 patients, and a 6-year prospective study of 4468 type 2 patients. Obese patients (BMI > or = 30 kg m(-2)), 37% of all patients, had high frequencies of hypertension (88%), hyperlipidaemia (81%) and microalbuminuria (29%). Only 11% had blood pressure <130/80 mmHg. Their ratio of triglycerides to HDL cholesterol was considerably elevated, whilst the mean total and LDL cholesterol were similar as in normal weight subjects. Obese patients had elevated odds ratios for hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and microalbuminuria: 2.1, 1.8 and 1.4 in the cross-sectional study, similarly confirmed in the prospective 6-year study. BMI was an independent predictor of these risk factors (P < 0.001), although only slightly associated with HbA1c and not with total or LDL cholesterol. A change in BMI during the prospective study was related to a change in HbA1c in patients treated with diet and oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs) but not with insulin. In all patients, an increase in BMI was related to the development of hypertension, and a change in BMI to change in blood pressure, also mostly confirmed when treated with diet, OHAs or insulin. The high frequencies of risk factors in obese type 2 patients implies an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and the need for therapeutic measures. The paradox that hypoglycaemic treatment accompanied by weight gain may increase cardiovascular risk factors seems to be verified here concerning hypertension but not concerning microalbuminuria.

Improved Survival in Overweight and Obese Patients with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Treated with Rituximab Containing Chemotherapy for Curative Intent

Objective To investigate the effects of obesity on blood pressure variation and plasma levels of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET) in elderly hypertensive patients. Methods A total of 175 elderly patients with hypertension were screened for this study. Based on body mass index, they were categorized into three groups with normal weight (n=69), overweight (n=56) and obesity (n=50). 24-hour dynamic blood pressure, NO and ET levels were monitored. Results No significant differences in 24 h systolic blood pressure, daytime systolic blood pressure, nighttime systolic blood pressure, 24 hours diastolic blood pressure (24 h-DBP) and night-time diastolic blood pressure were found among the groups (all P>0.05). Morning systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher in obese group than in normal weight and overweight groups(both P<0.05). The daytime diastolic blood pressure was higher in obese group than in overweight group. 24 h systolic blood pressure variation, daytime systolic blood pressure variation, and blood pressure pattern were higher in obese group than in overweight and normal weight group 〔(12.6±2.7)% vs. (10.4±2.2)% and (9.4±1.9)%, (12.2±2.9)% vs. (10.2±2.2)% and (9.2±2.1)%, (5.2±10.5)% vs. (1.4±6.9)% and(1.8±8.2)% group, all P<0.05〕. The nighttime systolic blood pressure variation, 24 h diastolic blood pressure variation, daytime diastolic blood pressure variation were increased in obese group as compared with normal weight group 〔(9.8±3.7)% vs. (8.2±3.1)%, (15.3±3.3)% vs. (13.2±4.2)%, (14.7±3.7)% vs. (12.9±3.8)%, all P<0.05〕. No differences were found in nighttime diastolic blood pressure variation among the groups.Plasma NO level was lower in obese group than in overweight and normal weight group 〔(29.8±14.2)μmol/L vs. (47.9±18.6)μmol/L and (94.6±42.9) μmol/L, P<0.01〕. Plasma ET level was significantly higher in obese group than in overweight group and normal weight group 〔(46.5±9.8)ng/L vs. (37.3±4.8) ng/L and (31.1±5.5) ng/L, P<0.01〕. 24 h systolic blood pressure variation was significantly correlated with plasma NO level(r=0.340, P=0.004)in normal weight group. Conclusions Obesity can effectively increase blood pressure variation and ET level, and reduce plasma NO level in elderly hypertensive patients. Obesity is one of the most important influencing factors for blood pressure variation, plasma NO and ET levels. Key words: Obesity; Hypertension; Nitric oxide

Regular aerobic exercise can effectively increase microvascular function in skeletal muscle and promote the oxidation of fatty acids. However, whether the effect of aerobic exercise intervention is affected by fat content is worth of further exploration. In this study, by means of yoga combined with exercise, the authors explored the effect of aerobic exercise on morphology and blood lipids in female college students. A total of 81 female college students who voluntarily participated in this study were enrolled by Body Mass Index (BMI) obtained from the physical examination when entering the school. The participants were assigned to normal (BMI: 20.98±1.52 kg/m2, N.=29), overweight (BMI: 25.57±1.34 kg/m2, N.=27), and obesity (BMI: 28.46±2.36 kg/m2, N.=25) groups by BMI, and all of them completed a 12-week Yoga combined with aerobic exercise training program. Relevant morphological such as body weight, body height, waist circumference, hip circumference, etc. and blood lipid indicators such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were measured before and after training. One-way ANVOA, paired-sample t-test were used in this study. After training program, the results indicated that: 1) the hip, body weight, BMI and body fat percentage in all three groups significantly decreased; 2) waist circumference in normal and obesity groups had a significant change than that in overweight group, hip circumference and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in overweight group were better than those in normal and overweight groups; the decrease in BMI in overweight and obesity groups was significantly greater than that in normal group, and the weight loss and decreased body fat percentage in obesity group were the highest, followed by overweight group, and the smallest in normal group; 3) in all three groups, HDL-C significantly increased, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C significantly decreased, TC and TG significantly decreased in obesity group; and 4) TC/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C in obesity group were significantly higher than those in normal and overweight groups, while change in TC and TG were the highest in obesity group, the second the overweight group, and the lowest in normal group. Twelve-week yoga combined with aerobic exercise training has a significant positive effect on morphological and blood lipid indicators in female college students. The yoga combined with aerobic exercise training can be recommended for young women with overweight and obesity population.

본 연구에서는 중고등학생들의 BMI(Body Mass Index) 그룹에 따른 자신에 대한 인식정도, 학교생활 스트레스정도, 심리적 정도 등 요인과 연관성을 연구하였다. ‘2010 한국 청소년 건강 실태조사’ 연구결과 데이터 7,187명을 이용하였다. BMI 그룹이 20미만인 저체중그룹, BMI가 20-24인 정상그룹, BMI가 25-29인 과체중그룹, BMI가 30이상인 비만그룹으로 구분하 였다. 흡연을 해본 경험을 조사한 결과 저체중 BMI그룹은 592명 17.2%, 정상체중 BMI 531명 18.4%, 과체중 BMI 108명 21.8%, 비만 BMI 24명 25.8%가 흡연 경험이 있다고 조사되었다(p=0.016). 자신에 대한 만족도는 정상체중 BMI 그룹은 14.24±3.15점, 과체중 BMI 그룹은 13.67±3.13점, 비만 BMI 그룹은 12.84±3.72점으로 정상체중 그룹일수록 자신에 대한 만족도 가 컸다(p=0.005). 학교생활은 저체중 BMI 그룹은 평균 33.57±5.76점, 정상체중 BMI 그룹은 33.45±5.50점, 과체중 BMI 그룹 은 33.12±5.34점, 비만 BMI 그룹은 32.21±7.43점으로 나타났다(p=0.044). 이와 같이 사회적인 부적응 현상까지 발생시키고 있어 청소년 시기에 적절하고 효과적으로 신체적 관리가 될 수 있도록 하고 이와 함께 정신적 건강도 증대 될 수 있도록 산학관이 유기적인 체계 속에서 관리 및 운영해 나가야 할 것이다.

Physical activity in the prevention and treatment of obesity and its comorbidities: evidence report of independent panel to assess the role of physical activity in the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities.

The long-term goal of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is to prevent secondary osteoarthritis due to instability. Obesity itself is also a risk factor for osteoarthritis and shows an increase in its incidence, but little is known about the relationship between obesity and the outcome of ACL reconstruction. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the outcome of ACL reconstruction and obesity. It was hypothesized that obesity would be associated with the revision rate of ACL reconstruction and additional surgical treatment for osteoarthritis in patients who undergo ACL reconstruction. Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Claims and health screening data of the National Health Insurance Service were used to analyze patients who underwent ACL reconstruction between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2021. The association between obesity and risk of revision ACL reconstruction and additional surgical treatment for osteoarthritis or meniscal lesion was analyzed. Body mass index (BMI) was used to classify patients as underweight (BMI, <18.5), normal weight (BMI, 18.5-24.9), overweight (BMI, 25.0-29.9), obese (BMI, 30.0-39.9), or morbidly obese (BMI, ≥40.0). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model analysis was conducted. A total of 56,734 patients were included. Of them, 311 (0.5%) patients were underweight, 26,613 (46.9%) were normal weight, 24,372 (43.0%) were overweight, 5324 (9.4%) were obese, and 114 (0.2%) patients were morbidly obese. The underweight group showed a significantly lower risk of revision ACL reconstruction than the normal weight group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31-0.93; P = .0273). However, the overweight, obese, and morbidly obese groups had no significant difference from the normal weight group. The risk of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was significantly high for the overweight (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.70-2.19; P < .0001) and obese (HR, 2.71; 95% CI, 2.23-3.30; P < .0001) groups. Subgroup analysis performed in patients ≥40 years of age for the risk of HTO showed a significant increased risk in the overweight group (HR, 1.889; 95% CI, 1.56-2.29; P < .0001) and obese group (HR, 2.78; 95% CI, 2.10-3.69; P < .0001). Subgroup analysis performed in patients ≥50 years of age for the risk of TKA also showed a significant increased risk in the overweight group (HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.67-2.47; P < .0001) and obese group (HR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.83-3.50; P < .0001). After adjusting for meniscal injury at index surgery by multivariate regression analysis, 1.87- and 2.75-fold increased risks of HTO were identified for the overweight and obese groups, respectively, for patients aged >40 years. For patients aged >50 years, 2.02-fold and 2.52-fold increased risks of TKA were observed for the overweight and obese groups, respectively. The risk of additional surgery due to the meniscal lesion was high for the overweight (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03-1.15; P = .002) and obese (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.21; P = .0351) groups, while no significant difference was found for the underweight and morbidly obese groups. This study highlights that obesity does not increase the revision rate of ACL reconstruction. However, the risk of additional surgical treatment for osteoarthritis and meniscal lesions increased as BMI increased. Further investigation is needed to determine the efficacy of ACL reconstruction for preventing osteoarthritis in obese patients.

Introduction: Abnormal Body Mass Index (BMI), characterised by a higher percentage of fat mass, has notable effects on postural control, leading to a forward shift in posture that exceeds the Base Of Support (BOS) boundary due to increased segmental mass and a compromised ability to regain stability after a disruption caused by excess adiposity. Aim: To investigate the potential impact of BMI on the coordination, static balance and dynamic balance of young adults. Materials and Methods: The present case-control study was conducted in the Department of Physiotherapy, School of Healthcare and Allied Sciences (SoHAS), G D Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India from November 2023 to April 2024. Study was conducted among 90 subjects from the Delhi-NCR region, aged between 18 years and 30 years and including both genders, were recruited. They were categorised into three groups based on Asian Pacific BMI classifications: 29 subjects in the normal weight group (BMI 18.5-22.9 kg/m2 ), 26 subjects in the overweight group (BMI 23-24.9 kg/m2 ), and 35 subjects in the obese group (BMI &gt;25 kg/m2 ). Body composition, balance tests and coordination tests were assessed for all subjects. The p-value and F-values were calculated to assess group differences using the One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method, indicating significant results (p-value&lt;0.01) for static and dynamic balance as well as coordination tests. Subsequently, post-hoc tests were conducted to explore specific differences among the groups. Results: The mean ages of the normal weight, overweight and obese groups were 22.10±2.38 years, 21.77±2.90 years and 21.91±2.38 years, respectively. The mean BMI of the normal weight, overweight and obese groups were 20.23±1.30 kg/ m2 , 23.99±0.68 kg/m2 and 29.69±3.09 kg/m2 , respectively. The ANOVA single factor test showed a significant difference between the normal weight, overweight and obese groups in the Single Leg Standing (SLS) test with opened and closed eyes on each leg for static balance; in the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test for dynamic balance; and in sidewalking, tandem walking, and heel walking for coordination at p-value&lt;0.05. The posthoc test showed a significant difference in all the parameters for overweight and obese groups in comparison to the normal weight group at p-value&lt;0.016. Conclusion: Abnormal BMI affects both static and dynamic balance along with coordination in young adults. Therefore, preventive measures should be considered to normalize BMI to prevent coordination and balance issues in overweight and obese young adults.

Effect of Body Mass Index on Mortality In Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Receiving Sacubitril/ Valsartan

Background: Obesity is a condition that results from chronic disruption of energy balance where energy intake continuously exceeds energy expenditure and accumulation of body fat results Objective: We evaluated the relationships between ghrelin and leptin with the metabolic state of normal weight, overweight, and obese Egyptian women. Methods: We studied 82 subjects with ages from 43 to 65. They were free of endocrine-related disease and divided into three groups according to their body mass index (BMI), group 1 with BMI less than 25 kg/m2, group 2 with BMI between 25 to 30 kg/m2, and group 3 with BMI more than 30 kg/m2. Ghrelin and leptin were determined by ELISA technique. Insulin resistance was measured by homeostasis model assessment. Lipid profile was determined in all groups. Results: Fasting plasma levels of ghrelin were lower in overweight and obese groups compared to normal weight control group. There was statistically significant negative correlation of ghrelin levels with leptin, BMI and HOMA. Results showed that higher concentrations of fasting leptin were found in overweight and obese groups compared with the normal weight control group. There was statistically significant positive correlation between leptin and other biochemical parameters, insulin, BMI, and HOMA. Conclusion: Ghrelin and leptin may be associated with obesity. These markers can be of value when assessing management. Keywords: Ghrelin, HOMA, leptin, obesity