Abstract
The process of the origin of life is analyzed on the basis of self-assembly of DNA and RNA molecules. The minimum amounts of various DNA/RNA molecules that are necessary for the nucleation and evolution of the biosphere as a whole are calculated, since life is an integral property. A cybernetic theory of evolution is presented, which considers DNA as a genetic program of an organism written in a binary system. The stages of evolution of the biosphere are given, with the calculation of the number of all species at each stage. It is shown that oxygen catastrophe is the main cause of the evolution of the biosphere and global glaciation. Moreover, the evolution of the biosphere inevitably leads to mass extinctions, which are a simple restructuring of the biosphere according to new conditions on the planet.
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