The Organizing Committee’s Perspective

Purpose The purpose of this study is to review the governance of the 2018 Pyeong Chang Winter Olympic Organizing Committee (POCOG), and to suggest potential governance models for the next mega sport event organizing committee. Methods For this study, In-depth Interview was conducted on 5 subjects who were involved in the process of organizing Pyeong Chang Olympic Games internally and also externally. Throughout the interviews, the subjects were asked to answer questions about the leadership of POCOG management, working relationships among the staff members, and improvement plans for the next mega event. Results The results of the study are as follows: First, POCOG sat up a governmental system and then tried to blend government officials and people from private sector to run the committee; Second, POCOG leadership was not an effective to run an Olympic Organizing Committee; Third, there were not effective working relationships among the staff members in the committee; Lastly, the subjects proposed the future organizing committee to hire more experts, to establish some kind of system that can prevent the turnover, and to go for privatization with the limited involvement from the government. Conclusions Therefore, this study suggests that the future mega sport event organizing committee should implement effective governance in bring more experts, and keeping them from the beginning to the end of the event. Also the organizing committee should consider implementing corporate governance to run the committee with entrepreneurial mindset, and to create cooperative working environment among the committee members.

This study examined the relationship between part- and full-time employment status and the three component model of organisational commitment within a University setting. The questions addressed include whether part- and full-time staff differ in terms of the types of commitment they report, and whether the components of commitment develop on the basis of similar antecedents for these employee groups. Sixty-four full-time staff and 61 part-time staff responded to a self-report questionnaire. A MANCOV A, controlling for age and organisational tenure, revealed that part- and full-time staff did not report differences on any type of commitment to the organisation. Regression analyses indicated that work characteristics were more important in the development of affective commitment for part-time staff than for fulltime staff. Analyses failed to support the hypothesis that work characteristics and justice perceptions mediated the relationship between employment status and commitment. A major limitation of this study concerns the characteristics of part-time respondents (i. e, retention vs secondary; Tilley, 1 992). Directions for future research include examination of whether different types of part-time employees report differences in the three component model of commitment when compared to full-time staff. There have been considerable changes in the structure of the Australian workplace over the last two decades. The proportion of part-time staff has increased rapidly, and there has been an accompanying decrease in the proportion of full-time staff. Part-time employees are defined as employees who work less than 35 hours per week, while full-time employees refer to employees who work 3 5 hours a week or more (Labour Force Survey, 1 997-98). Recent statistics indicate that the largest group of part-time workers in Australia is casual employees who do not receive sick leave or holiday benefits. However, at the current time we know very little about part-time employees and the consequences of such arrangements for staff and their employing organisation. The most well understood aspect of part-time employment concerns the demographics of this group. Part-time staff tend to be younger or older than full-time employees and are primarily women (Feldman, 1 990; Labour Force Survey, 1 997-98). Research examining the job attitudes of part-time employees has concentrated on contrasting the job satisfaction of part-time staff with that reported by full-time staff Despite this, studies have failed to provide a consistent picture of whether partand full-time staff report differences in job satisfaction. Recently, a number of studies have begun to examine organisational commitment. This is an important development as commitment has been linked with vital organisational outcomes such as turnover, absenteeism, organisational citizenship behaviour and individual well-being………………………

Work for sport mega-events is shaped by the unique characteristics of the event organizing committee as it is temporary, often bureaucratic, grows rapidly, and provides rich symbolism. This study provides a follow-up to Xing and Chalip's study examining the experience of work at the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (BOCOG), which took place 2 years prior to the Games. Participant observation and interviews with the original study participants were conducted immediately prior to the Games. The themes obtained 2 years earlier had evolved. Three new themes emerged capturing the evolution of the work experience from the event's planning to implementation: the workers faced more challenges; they felt impelled to do a good job throughout; and they were disturbed by the post-Games job uncertainty. Meanwhile, the immediate work environment continued to provide supports. The significance of the work was seen in the values of the Games to the country and a better understanding of Chinese society. Pending job termination caused anxiety. It is suggested that organizational support for post-event career preparation and job search may mitigate the anxiety. Focusing the workers on the materialization of their efforts at the delivery of the event may help them to secure meanings from work and continue to concentrate on their work during the event.

Organizing committees of large-scale sporting events face conflicting pressures from their environment when preparing to host the events, thereby leading them to conform to certain pressures and resist others. Writers on organizations, primarily institutional theorists, have mainly examined conformity, not resistance. This article seeks to examine the competing conforming and resistance pressures for an organizing committee. Findings from a case study relating to the Jeux de la Francophonie, or Games of La Francophonie, highlighted the presence of conflicting pressures between the North American context of the organizing committee and the European, Francophonie context of the event's international body, which impacted goal setting, funding/commercialization, athlete/artist caliber, sanctioning, and international government relationship and VIP treatment. The nature of the event, the stakeholders involved, and the event's setting or context were found to be interrelated sources of pressures on the organizing committee.

Sickness absence amongst qualified nursing staff at two major acute hospitals in Leicester was analysed for one year. Comparisons were made between full-time and part-time staff, between day staff and night staff, between grades of staff and between certificated and uncertificated sickness absence. Patterns of sickness absence throughout the year were also compared. Results showed that absence was 4 per cent per annum at the Leicester Royal Infirmary and was double this figure at the Leicester Maternity Hospital (8 per cent per annum). Part-time staff had more time off sick than full-time staff at both hospitals, but the hospitals showed different results for day and night staff. Grades of staff sickness absence showed a predictable trend at the Leicester Royal Infirmary, but not at the Leicester Maternity Hospital where staff midwives had the worst sickness absence record. Sickness absence patterns were analysed at greater depth at the maternity hospital. The results are discussed and recommendations made.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the perception of public and private officers of stakeholder at the PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games 2018. This event was selected as the subject of this research as it is the most recent mega-scale international sporting event and, given that the organizing committee (OC) is currently operating, it afforded a unique opportunity to investigate the staff of the organization. To clarify the research questions, this research identified stakeholders of Olympic Games.Design/methodology/approachThe research questions were examined by a stakeholder analysis that measured and compared perceptions conducted according to the stakeholder theory (Freeman, 2010) and previous research (Naraine et al., 2016).FindingsThis study identifies eight stakeholders of the 2018 Winter Olympic Games: the OC, the International Olympics Committee, National Olympic Committee, central government, local government, media, sponsors and non-government organizations. The authors pointed out that public officers are more sensitive to the opinions and movements of community members than private staff. Conversely, the authors found that the private staffs regard the media and influential stakeholders as more important compared with public officers.Originality/valueBased on the findings from the Olympics committee, this study contributes to the academic literature related to sporting events and their stakeholders by providing the most up-to-date identification of stakeholders.

The aim of this study is to investigate, through the application of stakeholder theory, the challenges faced by the Bergen 2017 Organizing Committee when hosting the 2017 Road World Championship in cycling. Data for the case study were collected through interviews with eight senior representatives from stakeholders such as the Organizing Committee Bergen 2017 and international and national federations, event observations, and from the analysis of selected documents. The study examined the development of stakeholder relationships through three phases in the development and delivery of the event (i. e., preevent, event time, and postevent). The Bergen 2017 organizing committee members were referred to as happy amateurs by the media but proved to be astute in managing their relationship with the international federation as a primary stakeholder and resourceful in coping with a shortage of professional staff due to the help by volunteers. The research illustrates the problematic nature of stakeholder management in temporary event organizations and how it is possible to host a major event with limited resources, in terms of skills, time, staff, finance, and support from important stakeholders. These results have significant implications for event organizers facing similar resource challenges and who have to manage a complex network of stakeholders. The results also have implications for stakeholder theory in relation to the distinctive challenges arising from the temporary nature of the organizing committee and their evolution through the different phases.

The first International Conference on Mechanical System Dynamics grandly convened in Nanjing, China

The success of mega sport event organizing committees is measured by their capacity to deliver the event at the end of their lifecycle when committees undergo fast growth and staff members are under high pressure. To examine event employee commitment during later stages of event preparation, we tested the relationship between organizational identity, national identity, benefits of working for an organizing committee, job satisfaction, and the commitment to organizational success (COS) among Chinese employees of the Beijing Organizing Committee (N=307) through structural equation modeling. It appeared that COS is explained by national identity and the particular benefits of working toward the organization of the Olympic Games. Whether they are satisfied with the job, and their levels of organizational identity do not affect their commitment to the event. These findings suggest that these employees view their work as an investment in their future and as a service to their nation.

Are deep approaches to learning possible in vocational degree courses in construction? : a phenomenological inquiry

This thesis investigates why, how, and what legacies universities have sought to achieve through leveraging a major sport event, the Commonwealth Games. Stakeholder theory and interorganisational relationship literature provide the theoretical framework to uncover the complexity of Commonwealth Games stakeholder interactions and the barriers to achieving legacy. Although previous research has investigated primary sport event stakeholder groups, such as sponsors and organising committees, there has been a lack of research specifically examining secondary, but nevertheless salient, sport event stakeholders, such as universities. This thesis contributes to sport event management knowledge and scholarship on this topic. A qualitative multiple-case study of three Commonwealth Games (Melbourne 2006, Glasgow 2014, and Gold Coast 2018) was conducted. Data were collected through a document analysis of primary and secondary sources and semi-structured interviews with key informants from universities, the Commonwealth Games Federation, Games Organising Committees, governments, and other Games’ stakeholders within the three case regions. Data analysis was managed using NVivo10 software and included inductive within-case and cross-case analysis. The results evidenced similarities and differences between universities in each Games city as well as between each case study. Melbourne universities did not attempt to leverage the 2006 Commonwealth Games to achieve legacy. Although there was some university-Games involvement, it was informal, and respondents perceived a missed opportunity. Universities in Glasgow attempted to leverage the 2014 Commonwealth Games, for example, by forming research partnerships. Some Glasgow universities continued to collaborate with Games stakeholders post the event. Evidence from the Gold Coast case suggested that universities are taking a more strategic approach to legacy by engaging with the 2018 Games earlier and in a more formal capacity, including through sponsorship. Examples of intended positive university legacies include student and staff opportunities, new or improved physical infrastructure, interorganisational relationship development, and brand awareness. Three key themes emerged from cross-case analysis of the data: (1) stakeholder leverage; (2) barriers to achieving positive legacy; and (3) intended and unintended legacies. Overall, results highlight that universities are complex social organisations that are dependent on the external environment. Over the past few decades, the university context has changed. An increasing importance is being placed on university enterprise activities, links with industry, brand awareness, and community collaboration. Concurrently, expectations from Games legacy have grown, and therefore the salience of universities as Games stakeholders has increased, so has the willingness of universities to become Games stakeholders. Results of this thesis can inform universities located in future Commonwealth Games host regions on how to strategically leverage their Games involvement. The results may also advise Organising Committees, the Commonwealth Games Federation, and relevant government authorities about the challenges and benefits of stakeholder and interorganisational relationship management.

Jeffrey L. Anderson, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair; Cynthia D. Adams, RN, PhD, FAHA; Elliott M. Antman, MD, FACC, FAHA; Charles R. Bridges, MD, ScD, FACC, FAHA[‡][1]; Robert M. Califf, MD, MACC; Donald E. Casey, Jr, MD, MPH, MBA, FACP[§][2]; William E. Chavey II, MD, MS[#][3]; Francis M. Fesmire, MD,

Part-time positions in Caseload Midwifery Group Practice: Impact on satisfaction and quality of care

Thanks for your passionate involvements and professional supports to 2020 2nd International Conference on Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering (CCME2020), which was held to carry out new attempts in Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering fields through related academic researches and practical actions based on future directions. And special thanks also to all and Technical Program Committees and reviewers for their professional works and selfless giving of their precious time.CCME2020 was held via Tencent Online meeting on December 20, 2020 to avoid offline contact and inconvenience caused by traffic restriction against the backdrop of the current normalized the epidemic. While improving the research motivation and academic literacy of all participants, CCME2020 will more strengthen safety protection, actively respond to the current epidemic prevention and cooperate with the normalization of epidemic situation.In order to ensure the normal running of CCME2020 online meeting, our staff preset the test room in advance for participants for their testing on the connection of relevant equipment and the stability of normal operation. We also arrange dedicated staff to provide the authors with questions and guidance. CCME2020 online meeting was held normally with supports of Prof. Gaurang S Patkar, Prof. Manik Sharma and all attendees. Prof. Gaurang S Patkar from Don Bosco College of Engineering, India made keynote speech about Automated Grading of Oil Palm Fruits using Soft Computing, and Prof. Manik Sharma from DAV University, India shared his viewpoints on Design of Artificial Intelligent Stress Diagnostic System using Machine Learning, Soft Computing and Context Aware Computing Techniques.With professional assistances from Technical Program Committee on paper reviewing and checking, CCME2020 selected 44 paper contributions among 105 paper submissions covering Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering eventually. All these selected papers have been reviewed by 2-3 reviewers and editors who major in relevant research areas and be detected instances of overlapping and similar text in submitted manuscripts via iThenticate software before submitting for publication in Journal of Physics: Conference Series.In terms of the main topics and subject areas involved in all selected submissions, and professional, rigorous and meticulous guidance from the reviewer, CCME2020 Conference Proceeding mainly cover Computer Technology, Image Recognition, Communication, Intelligent Information and Electronic Engineering.Sincerely hope for future cooperation with these rigorous and responsible reviewers, Technical program Committee, these authors with a high enthusiasm for academic research, and accurate and efficient publication of IOP Publisher. Thanks again for your active participation and contributions!CCME2020 Organization Committees

Shriners Hospitals for Children exemplifies the spirit of volunteerism and the remarkable effectiveness of this spirit in providing orthopaedic and burn care to thousands of children around the world. The voluntary efforts of Shriners have included fund raising, hospital planning and development, governance, identification of patients in need, and patient transportation. Until the 1980s, orthopaedic surgeons received little or no remuneration for their work in caring for children in Shriners hospitals. Subsequently, numerous factors have caused a conversion of a part-time voluntary medical staff to full-time and contracted part-time staff. Even so, many Shriners hospitals' medical staff members continue to volunteer their own time in caring for children in less fortunate countries, and as a corporation, Shriners Hospitals for Children has provided volunteer medical teams during times of major international disasters.