The Occupational Health Nurse and his/here role in the prevention of work-related diseases: results of an observational study.

Abstract

In Italy, health in the workplace is still considered a field for physicians only. In contrast to Europe, the figure of the occupational health nurse is not yet present, due to the absences of contractual and university fields. The present study aimed to carry out a survey for understanding the usefulness of the introduction of the occupational health nurse in the field of prevention and protection of health at work. The questionnaire was administered via an online survey to health professionals including Students (undergraduate and post-graduate levels) of Nursing Sciences and Midwives, Nurses, Physicians specialized in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, in Occupational Medicine and Legal Medicine. The questionnaire included 26 questions. The statistical analysis, conducted with SPSS software (release 25.0), has been articulated through the use of frequency tables and contingency tables. Differences in participants' responses were analyzed with the chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, where applicable, considering gender, marital status, presence of sons in families, age, macro-region, and professional activities as potential explanatory variables. After two general reminders, 232 individuals entered the survey, with an overall response rate of 65%. 42.2% of the participants were nurses, aged between 20 and 64 years. Around 70% were females. A low percentage (9.9%) is associated with respondents from northern Italy 53.0% from Center and 37.1% from southern Italy. The questionnaire included four major fields of occupational health nursing. The nursing role for companies (items 8, 12, 13, 14, and 17): the responders approve the introduction of the occupational health nurse in the companies for his/her competences on health promotion and work-related diseases prevention. Utility for companies (items 18, 19, 20 and 21): the usefulness brought by the occupational health nurse to companies is fully shared by the responders. Occupational Health Nurse's action field (items 16, 22, 23 and 24): the answer "yes" has the highest prevalence among the responders, followed by "I don't know". Education (items 25 and 26): Nurses, Physicians and Nursing Students think that the occupational health nurse must have an appropriate university training program, in particular, a master's first degree. Concerning the main focus of the study (opinion on which was the most suitable course of study for the occupational health nurse), 85 (36,6 %) participants answered, "First level Master degree", and 60 (25,9 %) "Advanced training course". This study wanted to highlight the opinion of professionals on the usefulness of this new nursing figure, projected into the world of occupational medicine. The OHN supports the Physician with his/her professionalism and autonomy in prevention and treatment of work-related diseases, as demonstrated and valued in the rest of Europe. The implementation of advanced courses on occupational nursing, and in particular specific post-graduate degrees, is needed.