The obvious advantage of amino-functionalized metal-organic frameworks: As a persulfate activator for bisphenol F degradation

Abstract

In this study, two iron-based metal-organic framework compounds (MOFs), were used and compared as catalysts for persulfate (PS) activation to degrade bisphenol F (BPF). The outstanding advantage of using amino-functionalized MOFs in the catalytic system was verified under different reaction conditions, and the mechanism was explored. The results indicated that NH2-MIL-101(Fe)/PS system not only had a wide pH application range, but also possessed an excellent catalytic performance towards interference from the coexisting anions and humic acid. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that, compared with MIL-101(Fe), the –NH2 modification could significantly improve the electronic conductivity of NH2-MIL-101(Fe) by enhancing its Fermi level (−4.28 eV) and binding energy to PS (−1.19 eV). The free radical quenching experiments were combined with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) confirmed that free radicals (SO4−, OH, O2−) worked together with the non-radical (1O2) reaction to remove 91% BPF within 40 min in the NH2-MIL-101(Fe)/PS system. The two proposed BPF degradation pathway were related to hydroxylation, oxidation and ring cracking. The toxicity of the BPF degradation intermediates as well as its final products were also evaluated.