Abstract
On 15 January 2022, the Tonga-Hunga submarine volcano erupted in the southwest Pacific Ocean and created strong tsunami waves that had a dual generation mechanism: “direct” (caused by the explosion) and “atmospheric” (induced by propagating atmospheric Lamb waves). Trans-oceanic waves spread across the ocean and were clearly recorded in marginal seas of the northwestern Pacific, including the Sea of Japan. The two distinct types of incoming waves produced a variety of effects in the sea as determined by the wave origin, propagation features and local topographic properties. Statistical and spectral properties of the tsunami waves recorded in the Sea of Japan and vicinity, including the adjacent part of the northwestern Pacific, are the main subject of the present study. The Sea of Japan is a semi-isolated basin connected to the Pacific Ocean through several straits. The features of these straits (widths, depths, and geometry) significantly affected the arriving waves, strongly modifying their statistical characteristics and spectral content. As discussed in detail in this paper, the two types of incoming tsunami waves are consequently transformed in substantially different ways.
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