Abstract

The complex communities of bacteria that are resident in various body sites are potential crucibles in which the evolution and transfer of genetic determinants encoding antibiotic resistance could occur. Bacterial cells with relatively short generation times, representing many diverse species, coexist in habitats that may be exposed to antibiotics, which act as selective agents for cells containing appropriate genetic determinants of resistance. Antibiotics may be administered to the host for a number of medical or veterinary reasons: (1) to treat an infection, (2) as a prophylactic measure, (3) as a growth promotion measure (farm animals).

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