1- https://doi.org/10.1108/s1745-354220240000020004
The Nexus Between Women Employment and Tourism in Central Asia Countries: A Dynamic Panel Data Approach
This study uses Panel FMOLS and DOLS techniques to examine tourism's impact on female employment in Central Asia from 2000 to 2021, finding that tourism positively influences women's employment in services and industry but negatively affects agriculture, while economic development and trade openness boost female employment overall.
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Abstract This research utilizes the Panel FMOLS (fully modified ordinary least square) and DOLS (dynamic ordinary least square) techniques to analyze the influence of tourism on the level of female employment across several sectors, including agriculture, services and industry, in Central Asia (CA) nations from 2000 to 2021. It finds a significant positive correlation between economic development, trade openness and female employment. Conversely, the increase in tourist arrivals and the urbanization process have a positive and statistically significant effect on the unemployment rate. Based on the findings of the sectoral study, it can be seen that tourism has a statistically significant positive influence on the level of women's work within the service and industrial sectors. Conversely, the association between tourism and women's employment in the agriculture sector demonstrates a statistically adverse effect. The study's results suggest that authorities should prioritize implementing initiatives aimed at enhancing tourism throughout the countries in CA.
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