Abstract
Modern-day diamond sorting is achieved through the application of X-ray luminescence (XRL) and X-ray transmission (XRT) techniques. Sorting with XRL is limited to the class range of 1.25 mm to 32 mm because of self-absorption associated with larger diamonds, greater than 32mm. The effect of self-absorption is also a high-energy phenomenon in XRL. XRT is limited to sorting large size diamonds as the technique suffers poor contrast for diamonds smaller than 10mm. XRT measurements are immune to self-absorption for all sample sizes, while XRL measurements have good contrast for particles smaller than 32mm. The applications of these techniques have hitherto been used independently of each other and have subsequently progressed mutually exclusively. Here we analytically show a new paradox of a dual-modality X-ray diamond sorting combining XRL and XRT techniques' strengths. Key features of our new paradoxical model performance are contrast mitigation for small particles and self-absorption rejection for a large particle at high energy as well as improved particle detectability and classification.
Highlights
Sensor-based sorting is a common technique of discriminating and separating materials, leveraging the constituent material's different physical properties
6 CONCLUSIONS We have shown in the present article, the review of literature of both x-ray transmission and x-ray luminescence methods of characterization in general and borrowed the concepts to develop a combined analytical model for x-ray luminescence and x-ray transmission sorting of diamonds
A study of contrast enhancers and self-absorption rejection was done for both single energy source and polychromatic source
Summary
Sensor-based sorting is a common technique of discriminating and separating materials, leveraging the constituent material's different physical properties. AND MOTIVATION X-ray fluorescence/luminescence and transmission classification methods are a class of inverse problems that are based on the difference in material x-ray attenuation rates, known as absorption coefficient. If the incoming x-ray has sufficient energy, it causes an inner bound state electron to be ejected, leaving a core hole, which in turn gets filled by an outer valence electron dropping from a higher shell to the core hole. During this process, an x-ray quantum equivalent to the bandgap will be emitted. The variation of intensity through the absorption media as a function of thickness is given by;
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