Abstract
The period since the mid‐1990s has seen sweeping and globalised reforms in the laws and standards protecting intellectual property rights. This paper sets those changes into historical context, noting their important antecedents but emphasising their major and comprehensive new directions. Empirical evidence suggests that these reforms are not having much impact on innovation in the developing world but are improving the processes and efficiency of technology diffusion. However, stronger patents and copyrights also raise concerns about how they will affect the ability of poor countries to access technologies for dealing with public and social objectives. The paper concludes with observations about the sustainability of the new globalised system.
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