The new associations of sinanthropic vegetation of classes Artemisietea vulgaris and Galio-Urticetea in the Bashkortostan Republic

Abstract

The most widespread types of vegetation of the urbanized territories are coenosis of synanthropic and, in narrower sense, ruderal plant species. Ruderal communities are developing on garbage and dumps (Reymers, 1991), but presently this term is used much more widely, and is applied also to vegetation in various habitats arising under man impact. For example, W. Holzner (1982) includes abandoned fields and fellings in this type. So, the concepts of synanthropic and ruderal vegetation are rather close now. Synanthropic and ruderal communities are mostly found in the urban locations. The study of synanthropic vegetation in the Republic of Bashkortostan was being conducted since 1980s (Ishbirdin, etc., 1988; Golovanov, Abramova, 2012, 2013 etc.). The given paper presents results of the long-term (2008–2015) research of vegetation of 5 towns (Sterlitamak, Salavat, Ishimbay, Meleuz, Kumertau) located in Cis-Urals. More than 1500 relevés of synanthropic vegetation which were accumulated in the database using TURBOVEG software (Hennekens, 1995), 71 complete relevés of communities, new to the studied area, are presented in this paper. Classification is carried out according to Braun-Blanquet method. The ecological conditions were assessed with use of average values of E. Landolt (1977) ecological scales and processed by IBIS software (Zverev, 2007). According to «Prodrome of plant associations of the Republic of Bashkortostan» (Yamalov et al., 2012), synanthropic vegetation includes 8 classes, 14 orders, 21 unions, 62 associations and 6 communities. New for this region are one union and 9 associations, 2 of which are firstly described in the Southern Urals, while the other 7 were previously known in other regions of Russia or Europe. New to Bashkortostan Republic and Russian Federation, are associations of 2 classes Artemisietea vulgaris and Galio-Urticetea. There are 5 associations (Tanaceto vulgaris–Artemisietum vulgaris, Artemisio vulgaris–Echinopsietum sphaerocephali, Melico transsilvanicae–Agropyretum repentis, Falcario vulgaris–Elytrigietum repentis, and new Convolvulo arvensis–Agropyretum pectinati confined to the driest habitats in steppe and southern part of forest-steppe zone of the Southern Urals) within the class Artemisietea vulgaris. Within the class Galio-Urticetea 4 associations (Geo urbani–Chelidonietum majoris, Calystegio sepium–Epilobietum hirsuti, Calystegio sepium–Eupatorietum cannabini and new Urtico dioicae–Rubetum caesii) were described. New syntaxa occur mainly in Sterlitamak and Kumertau. Sterlitamak is the second largest city of Bashkortostan with the diverse anthropogenic habitats. The town of Kumertau, located in the south part of forest-steppe zone, is rich by various fragments of natural vegetation from forests to steppes.