The Nature and Genetic Control of a Red Anthocyanin Pigment in the Root Meristems of Phalaris

Abstract

A red anthocyanin pigment which occurs in the root meristems of certain PhalariB species has been identified as a glycoside of pelargonidin. The pigment has been observed only in plants of the three polyploid species P. minor, P. tuberosa, and P. arundinacea, and is absent in the diploid members of the genus. Genetic studies indicate that the character is simply inherited, involving a single major dominant gene controlling the production of the pigment, and a series of modifier genes influencing the level of its expression. In P. minor, a self.pollinating annual, the gene is widespread and homozygous, but in P. tuberosa and P. arundinacea, both cross-pollinating perennials, it occurs at low frequency largely as the hetero-zygote, and is restricted to certain areas within the range of the distribution of these species. The origin of the gene in Phalaris, and its possible adaptive significance is discussed. Also its value as a single gene marker in breeding studies is indicated.