Abstract
The protein corona formed around nanoparticles in protein-rich fluids plays an important role for nanoparticle biocompatibility, as found in several studies during the last decade. Biological fluids have complex compositions and the molecular components interact and function together in intricate networks. Therefore, the process to isolate blood or the preparation of blood derivatives may lead to differences in the composition of the identified protein corona around nanoparticles. Here, we show distinct differences in the protein corona formed in whole blood, whole blood with EDTA, plasma, or serum. Furthermore, the ratio between particle surface area to protein concentration influences the detected corona. We also show that the nanoparticle size per se influences the formed protein corona due to curvature effects. These results emphasize the need of investigating the formation and biological importance of the protein corona in the same environment as the nanoparticles are intended for or released into.
Highlights
During the last decades, nanotechnology has emerged with new and possibly revolutionary applications in medicine, chemical industry, and in analytical and other technological setups [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]
Some particles will have a hard core of biological macromolecules interacting strongly with the nanoparticle surface, characterized by high affinity and often low off-rates
We find that the protein corona composition differ between these four different biological fluids
Summary
Nanotechnology has emerged with new and possibly revolutionary applications in medicine, chemical industry, and in analytical and other technological setups [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. Within the field of medicine, the development of nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery has received particular attention. There is at least one major obstacle for successful target-specific drug delivery, i.e. interference from the biological macromolecule corona around the nanoparticle [12,13,14,15,16,17]. Regardless of the mode of entry, nanoparticles will be dispersed in biological fluids. In such environment, biomolecules will adsorb to the nanoparticle surface and form a corona. Some particles will have a hard core of biological macromolecules interacting strongly with the nanoparticle surface, characterized by high affinity and often low off-rates.
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