Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) or Mucocutaneous Lymph node Syndrome is a systemic vasculitis, which mainly affects children under five years of age with Asian descent, but can also reach other age groups, as well as any other breed. The clinical picture of KD has three stages: acute febrile stage, in which conjunctival congestion, oral mucositis, erythema, flaking, polymorphic rash and laterocervical lymphadenopathy, appear as main symptoms; the subacute stage, which occurs at the end of fever, and leads to the appearance of skin flaking in the limbs, arthritis, arthralgia and thrombocytosis and finally the stage of convalescence that arises when symptoms are almost dissipating and continues until their normalization. The most used treatment occurs from the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin, which for better prognosis of the pathology should be initiated early.
Highlights
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis that affects small and medium-caliber vessels and mainly affects children under 5 years of age, being one of the reasons for heart disease during childhood (HUANG et al, 2015; MAGALHÃES, 2008)
One of the theories is that of coronavirus NL-63, detected by means of a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in airway fluids of 11 patients with KD and in only 1 of the 22 control patients
Such viruses and bacteria could act on the development of KD, so that they would lead to data caused by the disease, such as aortic aneurysms (BARCA et al, 2019; CASTRO; URBANO; COSTA, 2009)
Summary
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis that affects small and medium-caliber vessels and mainly affects children under 5 years of age, being one of the reasons for heart disease during childhood (HUANG et al, 2015; MAGALHÃES, 2008). KD is the second most common vasculitis in pediatric age, affecting mainly children less than half a decade old (90%). It is uncommon in children under 6 months and older than 8 years, who, are more prone to the development of coronary aneurysms. Considering the calculation of incidence rates in every 100,000 children under 5 years of age, in the United States of America (USA) KD is the most common cause of childhood-acquired heart disease, ranging from 9.1 to 32.5 cases, occurring more frequently in those of Asian and Pacific island descendants (32.5), intermediate in African-Americans (16.9) and Hispanics (11.1) and uncommon in Caucasians (9.1) (ALMEIDA et al, 2010; CASTRO; URBANO; COSTA, 2009; RODRIGUES et al, 2017)
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